diff --git a/assignment-client/src/octree/OctreeServer.cpp b/assignment-client/src/octree/OctreeServer.cpp
index f5d599b5d3..76d701f0e3 100644
--- a/assignment-client/src/octree/OctreeServer.cpp
+++ b/assignment-client/src/octree/OctreeServer.cpp
@@ -1175,13 +1175,22 @@ void OctreeServer::aboutToFinish() {
     if (_jurisdictionSender) {
         _jurisdictionSender->terminating();
     }
+    
+    QSet<SharedNodePointer> nodesToShutdown;
 
-    // force a shutdown of all of our OctreeSendThreads - at this point it has to be impossible for a
-    // linkedDataCreateCallback to be called for a new node
-    nodeList->eachNode([this](const SharedNodePointer& node) {
+    // Force a shutdown of all of our OctreeSendThreads.
+    // At this point it has to be impossible for a linkedDataCreateCallback to be called for a new node
+    nodeList->eachNode([&nodesToShutdown](const SharedNodePointer& node) {
+        nodesToShutdown << node;
+    });
+    
+    // What follows is a hack to force OctreeSendThreads to cleanup before the OctreeServer is gone.
+    // I would prefer to allow the SharedNodePointer ref count drop to zero to do this automatically
+    // but that isn't possible as long as the OctreeSendThread has an OctreeServer* that it uses.
+    for (auto& node : nodesToShutdown) {
         qDebug() << qPrintable(_safeServerName) << "server about to finish while node still connected node:" << *node;
         forceNodeShutdown(node);
-    });
+    }
 
     if (_persistThread) {
         _persistThread->aboutToFinish();
diff --git a/examples/FlockOfbirds.js b/examples/FlockOfbirds.js
index 0e8c6d4731..8b5088a268 100644
--- a/examples/FlockOfbirds.js
+++ b/examples/FlockOfbirds.js
@@ -10,15 +10,16 @@
 //  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
 
 
-
-//  The area over which the birds will fly 
-var lowerCorner = { x: 1, y: 1, z: 1 };
-var upperCorner = { x: 10, y: 10, z: 10 };
+//  The rectangular area in the domain where the flock will fly
+var lowerCorner = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
+var upperCorner = { x: 10, y: 10, z: 10  };
 var STARTING_FRACTION = 0.25;   
 
 var NUM_BIRDS = 50;
+var UPDATE_INTERVAL = 0.016;
 var playSounds = true; 
 var SOUND_PROBABILITY = 0.001;  
+var STARTING_LIFETIME = (1.0 / SOUND_PROBABILITY) * UPDATE_INTERVAL * 10;
 var numPlaying = 0;
 var BIRD_SIZE = 0.08;
 var BIRD_MASTER_VOLUME = 0.1;
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ var ALIGNMENT_FORCE = 1.5;
 var COHESION_FORCE = 1.0;
 var MAX_COHESION_VELOCITY = 0.5;
 
+var followBirds = true; 
+var AVATAR_FOLLOW_RATE = 0.001;
+var AVATAR_FOLLOW_VELOCITY_TIMESCALE = 2.0;
+var AVATAR_FOLLOW_ORIENTATION_RATE = 0.005;
 var floor = false; 
 var MAKE_FLOOR = false;
 
@@ -43,6 +48,9 @@ var averagePosition = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
 
 var birdsLoaded = false; 
 
+var oldAvatarOrientation;
+var oldAvatarPosition;
+
 var birds = [];
 var playing = [];
 
@@ -115,8 +123,9 @@ function updateBirds(deltaTime) {
                     birds[i].audioId = Audio.playSound(birds[i].sound, options);
                 }
                 numPlaying++;
-                // Change size 
-                Entities.editEntity(birds[i].entityId, { dimensions: Vec3.multiply(1.5, properties.dimensions)});
+                // Change size, and update lifetime to keep bird alive
+                Entities.editEntity(birds[i].entityId, { dimensions: Vec3.multiply(1.5, properties.dimensions),
+                                                         lifetime: properties.ageInSeconds + STARTING_LIFETIME});
                 
             } else if (birds[i].audioId) {
                 // If bird is playing a chirp 
@@ -166,10 +175,24 @@ function updateBirds(deltaTime) {
     if (birdVelocitiesCounted > 0) {
         averageVelocity = Vec3.multiply(1.0 / birdVelocitiesCounted, sumVelocity);
         //print(Vec3.length(averageVelocity));
+        if (followBirds) {
+            MyAvatar.motorVelocity = averageVelocity;
+            MyAvatar.motorTimescale = AVATAR_FOLLOW_VELOCITY_TIMESCALE;
+            var polarAngles = Vec3.toPolar(Vec3.normalize(averageVelocity));
+            if (!isNaN(polarAngles.x) && !isNaN(polarAngles.y)) {
+                var birdDirection = Quat.fromPitchYawRollRadians(polarAngles.x, polarAngles.y + Math.PI, polarAngles.z);
+                MyAvatar.orientation = Quat.mix(MyAvatar.orientation, birdDirection, AVATAR_FOLLOW_ORIENTATION_RATE);
+            }
+        }
     } 
     if (birdPositionsCounted > 0) {
         averagePosition = Vec3.multiply(1.0 / birdPositionsCounted, sumPosition);
+            //  If Following birds, update position 
+        if (followBirds) {
+            MyAvatar.position = Vec3.sum(Vec3.multiply(AVATAR_FOLLOW_RATE, MyAvatar.position), Vec3.multiply(1.0 - AVATAR_FOLLOW_RATE, averagePosition));
+        }
     }
+
 }
 
 // Connect a call back that happens every frame
@@ -183,11 +206,14 @@ Script.scriptEnding.connect(function() {
     if (floor) {
         Entities.deleteEntity(floor);
     }
+    MyAvatar.orientation = oldAvatarOrientation;
+    MyAvatar.position = oldAvatarPosition;
 });
 
 function loadBirds(howMany) {
-  while (!Entities.serversExist() || !Entities.canRez()) {
-  }
+    oldAvatarOrientation = MyAvatar.orientation; 
+    oldAvatarPosition = MyAvatar.position;
+
   var sound_filenames = ["bushtit_1.raw", "bushtit_2.raw", "bushtit_3.raw"];
   /* Here are more sounds/species you can use
                         , "mexicanWhipoorwill.raw", 
@@ -247,6 +273,7 @@ function loadBirds(howMany) {
                     velocity: { x: 0, y: -0.1, z: 0 },
                     linearDamping: LINEAR_DAMPING,
                     collisionsWillMove: true,
+                    lifetime: STARTING_LIFETIME,
                     color: colors[whichBird]
         }),
         audioId: false,
diff --git a/interface/src/Application.cpp b/interface/src/Application.cpp
index a862fb84fb..600b67812d 100644
--- a/interface/src/Application.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/Application.cpp
@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@
 //  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
 //
 
-#include <sstream>
+#include "Application.h"
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtx/component_wise.hpp>
@@ -63,6 +61,7 @@
 
 #include <EntityScriptingInterface.h>
 #include <ErrorDialog.h>
+#include <FramebufferCache.h>
 #include <GlWindow.h>
 #include <gpu/Batch.h>
 #include <gpu/Context.h>
@@ -92,13 +91,13 @@
 #include <SettingHandle.h>
 #include <SimpleAverage.h>
 #include <SoundCache.h>
+#include <TextureCache.h>
 #include <Tooltip.h>
 #include <UserActivityLogger.h>
 #include <UUID.h>
 #include <input-plugins/UserInputMapper.h>
 #include <VrMenu.h>
 
-#include "Application.h"
 #include "AudioClient.h"
 #include "DiscoverabilityManager.h"
 #include "InterfaceVersion.h"
@@ -268,6 +267,8 @@ bool setupEssentials(int& argc, char** argv) {
     auto audioScope = DependencyManager::set<AudioScope>();
     auto deferredLightingEffect = DependencyManager::set<DeferredLightingEffect>();
     auto textureCache = DependencyManager::set<TextureCache>();
+    auto framebufferCache = DependencyManager::set<FramebufferCache>();
+
     auto animationCache = DependencyManager::set<AnimationCache>();
     auto ddeFaceTracker = DependencyManager::set<DdeFaceTracker>();
     auto modelBlender = DependencyManager::set<ModelBlender>();
@@ -771,6 +772,7 @@ Application::~Application() {
     DependencyManager::destroy<OffscreenUi>();
     DependencyManager::destroy<AvatarManager>();
     DependencyManager::destroy<AnimationCache>();
+    DependencyManager::destroy<FramebufferCache>();
     DependencyManager::destroy<TextureCache>();
     DependencyManager::destroy<GeometryCache>();
     DependencyManager::destroy<ScriptCache>();
@@ -804,33 +806,8 @@ void Application::initializeGL() {
     }
     #endif
 
-    #ifdef WIN32
-    GLenum err = glewInit();
-    if (GLEW_OK != err) {
-        /* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */
-        qCDebug(interfaceapp, "Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
-    }
-    qCDebug(interfaceapp, "Status: Using GLEW %s\n", glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION));
-
-    if (wglewGetExtension("WGL_EXT_swap_control")) {
-        int swapInterval = wglGetSwapIntervalEXT();
-        qCDebug(interfaceapp, "V-Sync is %s\n", (swapInterval > 0 ? "ON" : "OFF"));
-    }
-    #endif
-
-    
-    qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "GL Version: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_VERSION));
-    qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "GL Shader Language Version: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
-    qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "GL Vendor: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
-    qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "GL Renderer: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
-
-#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
-    // TODO: Write the correct  code for Linux...
-    /* if (wglewGetExtension("WGL_EXT_swap_control")) {
-        int swapInterval = wglGetSwapIntervalEXT();
-        qCDebug(interfaceapp, "V-Sync is %s\n", (swapInterval > 0 ? "ON" : "OFF"));
-    }*/
-#endif
+    // Where the gpuContext is created and where the TRUE Backend is created and assigned
+    _gpuContext = std::make_shared<gpu::Context>(new gpu::GLBackend());
 
     initDisplay();
     qCDebug(interfaceapp, "Initialized Display.");
@@ -929,8 +906,9 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
     _offscreenContext->makeCurrent();
 
     auto lodManager = DependencyManager::get<LODManager>();
-    gpu::Context context(new gpu::GLBackend());
-    RenderArgs renderArgs(&context, nullptr, getViewFrustum(), lodManager->getOctreeSizeScale(),
+
+
+    RenderArgs renderArgs(_gpuContext, nullptr, getViewFrustum(), lodManager->getOctreeSizeScale(),
                           lodManager->getBoundaryLevelAdjust(), RenderArgs::DEFAULT_RENDER_MODE,
                           RenderArgs::MONO, RenderArgs::RENDER_DEBUG_NONE);
 
@@ -942,17 +920,16 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
     PerformanceWarning warn(showWarnings, "Application::paintGL()");
     resizeGL();
 
+
     {
         PerformanceTimer perfTimer("renderOverlay");
         // NOTE: There is no batch associated with this renderArgs
         // the ApplicationOverlay class assumes it's viewport is setup to be the device size
         QSize size = qApp->getDeviceSize();
-        renderArgs._viewport = glm::ivec4(0, 0, size.width(), size.height());    
+        renderArgs._viewport = glm::ivec4(0, 0, size.width(), size.height());
         _applicationOverlay.renderOverlay(&renderArgs);
     }
 
-    glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);
-
     if (_myCamera.getMode() == CAMERA_MODE_FIRST_PERSON || _myCamera.getMode() == CAMERA_MODE_THIRD_PERSON) {
         Menu::getInstance()->setIsOptionChecked(MenuOption::FirstPerson, _myAvatar->getBoomLength() <= MyAvatar::ZOOM_MIN);
         Menu::getInstance()->setIsOptionChecked(MenuOption::ThirdPerson, !(_myAvatar->getBoomLength() <= MyAvatar::ZOOM_MIN));
@@ -1000,8 +977,7 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
     }
 
     // Sync up the View Furstum with the camera
-    // FIXME: it's happening again in the updateSHadow and it shouldn't, this should be the place
-    _myCamera.loadViewFrustum(_viewFrustum);
+    loadViewFrustum(_myCamera, _viewFrustum);
 
 
     renderArgs._renderMode = RenderArgs::DEFAULT_RENDER_MODE;
@@ -1015,19 +991,15 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
         {
             PROFILE_RANGE(__FUNCTION__ "/clear");
             doInBatch(&renderArgs, [&](gpu::Batch& batch) {
-                batch.setFramebuffer(textureCache->getPrimaryFramebuffer());
+                auto primaryFbo = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>()->getPrimaryFramebuffer();
+                batch.setFramebuffer(primaryFbo);
                 // clear the normal and specular buffers
                 batch.clearFramebuffer(
                     gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR0 |
                     gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR1 |
                     gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR2 |
                     gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_DEPTH,
-                    vec4(vec3(0), 1), 1.0, 0.0, true);
-                batch.clearColorFramebuffer(
-                    gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR0 |
-                    gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR1 |
-                    gpu::Framebuffer::BUFFER_COLOR2,
-                    vec4(vec3(0), 1));
+                    vec4(vec3(0), 1), 1.0, 0.0);
             });
         }
 
@@ -1048,7 +1020,9 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
                 displaySide(&renderArgs, eyeCamera);
                 if (Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::Mirror) && 
                     !Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::FullscreenMirror)) {
+                    renderArgs._renderMode = RenderArgs::MIRROR_RENDER_MODE;
                     renderRearViewMirror(&renderArgs, _mirrorViewRect);
+                    renderArgs._renderMode = RenderArgs::NORMAL_RENDER_MODE;
                 }
             }, [&] {
                 r.moveLeft(r.width());
@@ -1065,7 +1039,9 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
             displaySide(&renderArgs, _myCamera);
             if (Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::Mirror) && 
                 !Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::FullscreenMirror)) {
+                renderArgs._renderMode = RenderArgs::MIRROR_RENDER_MODE;
                 renderRearViewMirror(&renderArgs, _mirrorViewRect);
+                renderArgs._renderMode = RenderArgs::NORMAL_RENDER_MODE;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1107,8 +1083,10 @@ void Application::paintGL() {
         GLsync sync = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
 #endif
         _offscreenContext->doneCurrent();
+        // Switches to the display plugin context
         displayPlugin->preDisplay();
 
+        // Ensure all operations from the previous context are complete before we try to read the fbo
 #ifdef Q_OS_MAC
 #else
         // FIXME? make the sync a parameter to preDisplay and let the plugin manage this
@@ -1954,6 +1932,13 @@ void Application::idle() {
     }
     double timeSinceLastUpdate = (double)_lastTimeUpdated.nsecsElapsed() / 1000000.0;
     if (timeSinceLastUpdate > targetFramePeriod) {
+        
+        {
+            static const int IDLE_EVENT_PROCESS_MAX_TIME_MS = 2;
+            PerformanceTimer perfTimer("processEvents");
+            processEvents(QEventLoop::AllEvents, IDLE_EVENT_PROCESS_MAX_TIME_MS);
+        }
+        
         _lastTimeUpdated.start();
         {
             PerformanceTimer perfTimer("update");
@@ -1986,12 +1971,19 @@ void Application::idle() {
                 _idleLoopMeasuredJitter = _idleLoopStdev.getStDev();
                 _idleLoopStdev.reset();
             }
-
         }
-        // After finishing all of the above work, ensure the idle timer is set to the proper interval,
-        // depending on whether we're throttling or not
-        idleTimer->start(getActiveDisplayPlugin()->isThrottled() ? THROTTLED_IDLE_TIMER_DELAY : 0);
-    } 
+        
+        // depending on whether we're throttling or not.
+        // Once rendering is off on another thread we should be able to have Application::idle run at start(0) in
+        // perpetuity and not expect events to get backed up.
+        
+        static const int IDLE_TIMER_DELAY_MS = 0;
+        int desiredInterval = _glWidget->isThrottleRendering() ? THROTTLED_IDLE_TIMER_DELAY : IDLE_TIMER_DELAY_MS;
+        
+        if (idleTimer->interval() != desiredInterval) {
+            idleTimer->start(desiredInterval);
+        }
+    }
 
     // check for any requested background downloads.
     emit checkBackgroundDownloads();
@@ -3207,7 +3199,7 @@ PickRay Application::computePickRay(float x, float y) const {
 }
 
 QImage Application::renderAvatarBillboard(RenderArgs* renderArgs) {
-    auto primaryFramebuffer = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>()->getPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    auto primaryFramebuffer = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>()->getPrimaryFramebuffer();
     glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, gpu::GLBackend::getFramebufferID(primaryFramebuffer));
 
     // clear the alpha channel so the background is transparent
@@ -3400,10 +3392,6 @@ namespace render {
                 model::Skybox::render(batch, *(Application::getInstance()->getDisplayViewFrustum()), *skybox);
             }
         }
-        // FIX ME - If I don't call this renderBatch() here, then the atmosphere and skybox don't render, but it
-        // seems like these payloadRender() methods shouldn't be doing this. We need to investigate why the engine
-        // isn't rendering our batch
-        gpu::GLBackend::renderBatch(batch, true);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3605,11 +3593,11 @@ void Application::renderRearViewMirror(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const QRect& regi
     // set the bounds of rear mirror view
     gpu::Vec4i viewport;
     if (billboard) {
-        QSize size = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>()->getFrameBufferSize();
+        QSize size = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>()->getFrameBufferSize();
         viewport = gpu::Vec4i(region.x(), size.height() - region.y() - region.height(), region.width(), region.height());
     } else {
         // if not rendering the billboard, the region is in device independent coordinates; must convert to device
-        QSize size = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>()->getFrameBufferSize();
+        QSize size = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>()->getFrameBufferSize();
         float ratio = (float)QApplication::desktop()->windowHandle()->devicePixelRatio() * getRenderResolutionScale();
         int x = region.x() * ratio, y = region.y() * ratio, width = region.width() * ratio, height = region.height() * ratio;
         viewport = gpu::Vec4i(x, size.height() - y - height, width, height);
diff --git a/interface/src/Application.h b/interface/src/Application.h
index 1241f1b573..ceaa194d24 100644
--- a/interface/src/Application.h
+++ b/interface/src/Application.h
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #include <ScriptEngine.h>
 #include <ShapeManager.h>
 #include <StDev.h>
-#include <TextureCache.h>
 #include <udt/PacketHeaders.h>
 #include <ViewFrustum.h>
 #include <plugins/PluginContainer.h>
@@ -68,6 +67,7 @@
 #include "UndoStackScriptingInterface.h"
 #include "DisplayPlugins.h"
 #include "InputPlugins.h"
+
 #include "render/Engine.h"
 
 class QGLWidget;
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ class MainWindow;
 class Node;
 class ScriptEngine;
 class GlWindow;
-
+namespace gpu {
+    class Context;
+}
 static const QString SNAPSHOT_EXTENSION  = ".jpg";
 static const QString SVO_EXTENSION  = ".svo";
 static const QString SVO_JSON_EXTENSION  = ".svo.json";
@@ -328,6 +330,8 @@ public:
 
     render::ScenePointer getMain3DScene() const { return _main3DScene; }
 
+    gpu::ContextPointer getGPUContext() const { return _gpuContext; }
+
 signals:
 
     /// Fired when we're simulating; allows external parties to hook in.
@@ -482,6 +486,7 @@ private:
     glm::vec3 getSunDirection();
 
     void renderRearViewMirror(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const QRect& region, bool billboard = false);
+
     void setMenuShortcutsEnabled(bool enabled);
 
     static void attachNewHeadToNode(Node *newNode);
@@ -633,6 +638,7 @@ private:
 
     render::ScenePointer _main3DScene{ new render::Scene() };
     render::EnginePointer _renderEngine{ new render::Engine() };
+    gpu::ContextPointer _gpuContext; // initialized during window creation
 
     Overlays _overlays;
     ApplicationOverlay _applicationOverlay;
diff --git a/interface/src/Stars.cpp b/interface/src/Stars.cpp
index da61926399..ebfddee38c 100644
--- a/interface/src/Stars.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/Stars.cpp
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void Stars::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, float alpha) {
         points.resize(limit);
         for (size_t star = 0; star < limit; ++star) {
             points[star].position = vec4(fromPolar(randPolar()), 1);
-            float size = frand() * 5.0f + 0.5f;
+            float size = frand() * 2.5f + 0.5f;
             if (frand() < STAR_COLORIZATION) {
                 vec3 color(frand() / 2.0f + 0.5f, frand() / 2.0f + 0.5f, frand() / 2.0f + 0.5f);
                 points[star].colorAndSize = vec4(color, size);
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.cpp b/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.cpp
index 4db3327f69..e3e4bbc5d3 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.cpp
@@ -316,15 +316,14 @@ void Avatar::removeFromScene(AvatarSharedPointer self, std::shared_ptr<render::S
     }
 }
 
-void Avatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition, bool postLighting) {
+void Avatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition) {
     if (_referential) {
         _referential->update();
     }
 
     auto& batch = *renderArgs->_batch;
 
-    if (postLighting &&
-        glm::distance(DependencyManager::get<AvatarManager>()->getMyAvatar()->getPosition(), _position) < 10.0f) {
+    if (glm::distance(DependencyManager::get<AvatarManager>()->getMyAvatar()->getPosition(), _position) < 10.0f) {
         auto geometryCache = DependencyManager::get<GeometryCache>();
         auto deferredLighting = DependencyManager::get<DeferredLightingEffect>();
 
@@ -414,9 +413,9 @@ void Avatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition, boo
                       : GLOW_FROM_AVERAGE_LOUDNESS;
 
         // render body
-        renderBody(renderArgs, frustum, postLighting, glowLevel);
+        renderBody(renderArgs, frustum, glowLevel);
 
-        if (!postLighting && renderArgs->_renderMode != RenderArgs::SHADOW_RENDER_MODE) {
+        if (renderArgs->_renderMode != RenderArgs::SHADOW_RENDER_MODE) {
             // add local lights
             const float BASE_LIGHT_DISTANCE = 2.0f;
             const float LIGHT_EXPONENT = 1.0f;
@@ -431,21 +430,17 @@ void Avatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition, boo
             }
         }
 
-        if (postLighting) {
-            bool renderSkeleton = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderSkeletonCollisionShapes);
-            bool renderHead = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderHeadCollisionShapes);
-            bool renderBounding = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderBoundingCollisionShapes);
-
-            if (renderSkeleton) {
-                _skeletonModel.renderJointCollisionShapes(0.7f);
-            }
-
-            if (renderHead && shouldRenderHead(renderArgs)) {
-                getHead()->getFaceModel().renderJointCollisionShapes(0.7f);
-            }
-            if (renderBounding && shouldRenderHead(renderArgs)) {
-                _skeletonModel.renderBoundingCollisionShapes(*renderArgs->_batch, 0.7f);
-            }
+        bool renderSkeleton = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderSkeletonCollisionShapes);
+        bool renderHead = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderHeadCollisionShapes);
+        bool renderBounding = Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::RenderBoundingCollisionShapes);
+        if (renderSkeleton) {
+            _skeletonModel.renderJointCollisionShapes(0.7f);
+        }
+        if (renderHead && shouldRenderHead(renderArgs)) {
+            getHead()->getFaceModel().renderJointCollisionShapes(0.7f);
+        }
+        if (renderBounding && shouldRenderHead(renderArgs)) {
+            _skeletonModel.renderBoundingCollisionShapes(*renderArgs->_batch, 0.7f);
         }
 
         // Stack indicator spheres
@@ -569,24 +564,20 @@ void Avatar::fixupModelsInScene() {
     scene->enqueuePendingChanges(pendingChanges);
 }
 
-void Avatar::renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting, float glowLevel) {
+void Avatar::renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, float glowLevel) {
 
     fixupModelsInScene();
     
     {
         if (_shouldRenderBillboard || !(_skeletonModel.isRenderable() && getHead()->getFaceModel().isRenderable())) {
-            if (postLighting || renderArgs->_renderMode == RenderArgs::SHADOW_RENDER_MODE) {
-                // render the billboard until both models are loaded
-                renderBillboard(renderArgs);
-            }
+            // render the billboard until both models are loaded
+            renderBillboard(renderArgs);
             return;
         }
 
-        if (postLighting) {
-            getHand()->render(renderArgs, false);
-        }
+        getHand()->render(renderArgs, false);
     }
-    getHead()->render(renderArgs, 1.0f, renderFrustum, postLighting);
+    getHead()->render(renderArgs, 1.0f, renderFrustum);
 }
 
 bool Avatar::shouldRenderHead(const RenderArgs* renderArgs) const {
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.h b/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.h
index ae99317541..253c94b0b3 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.h
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/Avatar.h
@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ public:
     void init();
     void simulate(float deltaTime);
 
-    virtual void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition,
-        bool postLighting = false);
+    virtual void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition);
 
     bool addToScene(AvatarSharedPointer self, std::shared_ptr<render::Scene> scene,
                             render::PendingChanges& pendingChanges);
@@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ protected:
 
     Transform calculateDisplayNameTransform(const ViewFrustum& frustum, float fontSize, const glm::ivec4& viewport) const;
     void renderDisplayName(gpu::Batch& batch, const ViewFrustum& frustum, const glm::ivec4& viewport) const;
-    virtual void renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting, float glowLevel = 0.0f);
+    virtual void renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, float glowLevel = 0.0f);
     virtual bool shouldRenderHead(const RenderArgs* renderArgs) const;
     virtual void fixupModelsInScene();
 
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/Head.cpp b/interface/src/avatar/Head.cpp
index 22f623b4a8..d8b4bf703b 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/Head.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/Head.cpp
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ void Head::relaxLean(float deltaTime) {
     _deltaLeanForward *= relaxationFactor;
 }
 
-void Head::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, float alpha, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting) {
+void Head::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, float alpha, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum) {
     if (_renderLookatVectors) {
         renderLookatVectors(renderArgs, _leftEyePosition, _rightEyePosition, getCorrectedLookAtPosition());
     }
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/Head.h b/interface/src/avatar/Head.h
index d7a8462693..f6283c93ea 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/Head.h
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/Head.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public:
     void init();
     void reset();
     void simulate(float deltaTime, bool isMine, bool billboard = false);
-    void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, float alpha, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting);
+    void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, float alpha, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum);
     void setScale(float scale);
     void setPosition(glm::vec3 position) { _position = position; }
     void setAverageLoudness(float averageLoudness) { _averageLoudness = averageLoudness; }
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.cpp b/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.cpp
index b23c737bfe..8d8e9a7996 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.cpp
@@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ void MyAvatar::updateFromTrackers(float deltaTime) {
 
 
 // virtual
-void MyAvatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition, bool postLighting) {
+void MyAvatar::render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition) {
     // don't render if we've been asked to disable local rendering
     if (!_shouldRender) {
         return; // exit early
     }
 
-    Avatar::render(renderArgs, cameraPosition, postLighting);
+    Avatar::render(renderArgs, cameraPosition);
 
     // don't display IK constraints in shadow mode
     if (Menu::getInstance()->isOptionChecked(MenuOption::ShowIKConstraints) &&
@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ void MyAvatar::attach(const QString& modelURL, const QString& jointName, const g
     Avatar::attach(modelURL, jointName, translation, rotation, scale, allowDuplicates, useSaved);
 }
 
-void MyAvatar::renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting, float glowLevel) {
+void MyAvatar::renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, float glowLevel) {
 
     if (!(_skeletonModel.isRenderable() && getHead()->getFaceModel().isRenderable())) {
         return; // wait until all models are loaded
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ void MyAvatar::renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bo
 
     //  Render head so long as the camera isn't inside it
     if (shouldRenderHead(renderArgs)) {
-        getHead()->render(renderArgs, 1.0f, renderFrustum, postLighting);
+        getHead()->render(renderArgs, 1.0f, renderFrustum);
     }
     getHand()->render(renderArgs, true);
 }
@@ -1590,8 +1590,8 @@ void MyAvatar::maybeUpdateBillboard() {
             return;
         }
     }
-    gpu::Context context(new gpu::GLBackend());
-    RenderArgs renderArgs(&context);
+
+    RenderArgs renderArgs(qApp->getGPUContext());
     QImage image = qApp->renderAvatarBillboard(&renderArgs);
     _billboard.clear();
     QBuffer buffer(&_billboard);
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.h b/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.h
index 4f494c6ead..a45b1e0acc 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.h
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/MyAvatar.h
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ public:
     // This is so the correct camera can be used for rendering.
     void updateSensorToWorldMatrix();
 
-    virtual void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPosition, bool postLighting = false) override;
-    virtual void renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, bool postLighting, float glowLevel = 0.0f) override;
+    virtual void render(RenderArgs* renderArgs, const glm::vec3& cameraPositio) override;
+    virtual void renderBody(RenderArgs* renderArgs, ViewFrustum* renderFrustum, float glowLevel = 0.0f) override;
     virtual bool shouldRenderHead(const RenderArgs* renderArgs) const override;
 
     // setters
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/SkeletonModel.cpp b/interface/src/avatar/SkeletonModel.cpp
index 540de18d87..0bf18ff956 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/SkeletonModel.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/SkeletonModel.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <QMultiMap>
 
 #include <CapsuleShape.h>
+#include <DeferredLightingEffect.h>
 #include <SphereShape.h>
 
 #include "Application.h"
@@ -790,31 +791,34 @@ void SkeletonModel::renderBoundingCollisionShapes(gpu::Batch& batch, float alpha
     const int BALL_SUBDIVISIONS = 10;
 #if 0
     if (_shapes.isEmpty()) {
-        // the bounding shape has not been propery computed
+        // the bounding shape has not been properly computed
         // so no need to render it
         return;
     }
 
-    // draw a blue sphere at the capsule endpoint
+    auto geometryCache = DependencyManager::get<GeometryCache>();
+    auto deferredLighting = DependencyManager::get<DeferredLightingEffect>();
+    Transform transform; // = Transform();
+
+    // draw a blue sphere at the capsule end point
     glm::vec3 endPoint;
     _boundingShape.getEndPoint(endPoint);
     endPoint = endPoint + _translation;
-    Transform transform = Transform();
     transform.setTranslation(endPoint);
     batch.setModelTransform(transform);
-    auto geometryCache = DependencyManager::get<GeometryCache>();
-    geometryCache->renderSphere(batch, _boundingShape.getRadius(), BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, 
+    deferredLighting->bindSimpleProgram(batch);
+    geometryCache->renderSphere(batch, _boundingShape.getRadius(), BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, BALL_SUBDIVISIONS,
                                 glm::vec4(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.8f, alpha));
 
-    // draw a yellow sphere at the capsule startpoint
+    // draw a yellow sphere at the capsule start point
     glm::vec3 startPoint;
     _boundingShape.getStartPoint(startPoint);
     startPoint = startPoint + _translation;
     glm::vec3 axis = endPoint - startPoint;
-    Transform axisTransform = Transform();
-    axisTransform.setTranslation(-axis);
-    batch.setModelTransform(axisTransform);
-    geometryCache->renderSphere(batch, _boundingShape.getRadius(), BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, 
+    transform.setTranslation(startPoint);
+    batch.setModelTransform(transform);
+    deferredLighting->bindSimpleProgram(batch);
+    geometryCache->renderSphere(batch, _boundingShape.getRadius(), BALL_SUBDIVISIONS, BALL_SUBDIVISIONS,
                                 glm::vec4(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.6f, alpha));
 
     // draw a green cylinder between the two points
diff --git a/interface/src/ui/ApplicationCompositor.cpp b/interface/src/ui/ApplicationCompositor.cpp
index f77beb165e..fb465094cd 100644
--- a/interface/src/ui/ApplicationCompositor.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/ui/ApplicationCompositor.cpp
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ void ApplicationCompositor::displayOverlayTextureHmd(RenderArgs* renderArgs, int
 
     gpu::Batch batch;
     geometryCache->useSimpleDrawPipeline(batch);
-    batch._glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-    batch._glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
+    //batch._glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    //batch._glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
     //batch._glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
     //batch._glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
     //batch._glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
diff --git a/interface/src/ui/ApplicationOverlay.h b/interface/src/ui/ApplicationOverlay.h
index ae09aa0b10..532fea23dc 100644
--- a/interface/src/ui/ApplicationOverlay.h
+++ b/interface/src/ui/ApplicationOverlay.h
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ private:
     gpu::TexturePointer _overlayDepthTexture;
     gpu::TexturePointer _overlayColorTexture;
     gpu::FramebufferPointer _overlayFramebuffer;
-
 };
 
 #endif // hifi_ApplicationOverlay_h
diff --git a/interface/src/ui/overlays/BillboardOverlay.cpp b/interface/src/ui/overlays/BillboardOverlay.cpp
index b2843230f3..d26ecc5c67 100644
--- a/interface/src/ui/overlays/BillboardOverlay.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/ui/overlays/BillboardOverlay.cpp
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ void BillboardOverlay::render(RenderArgs* args) {
     if (batch) {
         Transform transform = _transform;
         transform.postScale(glm::vec3(getDimensions(), 1.0f));
+        transform.setRotation(rotation);
         
         batch->setModelTransform(transform);
         batch->setResourceTexture(0, _texture->getGPUTexture());
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Context.h b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Context.h
index 4eb0976e3c..484c772c71 100644
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Context.h
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Context.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ protected:
 
     friend class Shader;
 };
-
+typedef std::shared_ptr<Context> ContextPointer;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Framebuffer.h b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Framebuffer.h
index 50f42ed4fb..5a1504d25c 100755
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Framebuffer.h
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Framebuffer.h
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-//
-//  Framebuffer.h
-//  libraries/gpu/src/gpu
-//
-//  Created by Sam Gateau on 4/12/2015.
-//  Copyright 2014 High Fidelity, Inc.
-//
-//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
-//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
-//
-#ifndef hifi_gpu_Framebuffer_h
-#define hifi_gpu_Framebuffer_h
-
-#include "Texture.h"
+//
+//  Framebuffer.h
+//  libraries/gpu/src/gpu
+//
+//  Created by Sam Gateau on 4/12/2015.
+//  Copyright 2014 High Fidelity, Inc.
+//
+//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+//
+#ifndef hifi_gpu_Framebuffer_h
+#define hifi_gpu_Framebuffer_h
+
+#include "Texture.h"
 #include <memory>
 
+class QImage;
+
 namespace gpu {
 
 typedef Element Format;
@@ -130,7 +132,9 @@ public:
     void resize( uint16 width, uint16 height, uint16 samples = 1 );
 
     static const uint32 MAX_NUM_RENDER_BUFFERS = 8; 
-    static uint32 getMaxNumRenderBuffers() { return MAX_NUM_RENDER_BUFFERS; }
+    static uint32 getMaxNumRenderBuffers() { return MAX_NUM_RENDER_BUFFERS; }
+
+    void getImage(QImage* result) const;
 
 protected:
     SwapchainPointer _swapchain;
@@ -151,10 +155,10 @@ protected:
     // Non exposed
     Framebuffer(const Framebuffer& framebuffer) {}
     Framebuffer() {}
-    
-    // This shouldn't be used by anything else than the Backend class with the proper casting.
-    mutable GPUObject* _gpuObject = NULL;
-    void setGPUObject(GPUObject* gpuObject) const { _gpuObject = gpuObject; }
+    
+    // This shouldn't be used by anything else than the Backend class with the proper casting.
+    mutable GPUObject* _gpuObject = NULL;
+    void setGPUObject(GPUObject* gpuObject) const { _gpuObject = gpuObject; }
     GPUObject* getGPUObject() const { return _gpuObject; }
     friend class Backend;
 };
@@ -162,4 +166,4 @@ typedef std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> FramebufferPointer;
 
 }
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.cpp b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.cpp
index adebee2f20..721be0f402 100644
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.cpp
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 //  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 //  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
 //
+#include <mutex>
 #include "GPULogging.h"
 #include "GLBackendShared.h"
 #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
@@ -89,6 +90,36 @@ GLBackend::GLBackend() :
     _pipeline(),
     _output()
 {
+    static std::once_flag once;
+    std::call_once(once, [] {
+        qCDebug(gpulogging) << "GL Version: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_VERSION));
+        qCDebug(gpulogging) << "GL Shader Language Version: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
+        qCDebug(gpulogging) << "GL Vendor: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
+        qCDebug(gpulogging) << "GL Renderer: " << QString((const char*) glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+        GLenum err = glewInit();
+        if (GLEW_OK != err) {
+            /* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */
+            qCDebug(gpulogging, "Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
+        }
+        qCDebug(gpulogging, "Status: Using GLEW %s\n", glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION));
+
+        if (wglewGetExtension("WGL_EXT_swap_control")) {
+            int swapInterval = wglGetSwapIntervalEXT();
+            qCDebug(gpulogging, "V-Sync is %s\n", (swapInterval > 0 ? "ON" : "OFF"));
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
+        // TODO: Write the correct  code for Linux...
+        /* if (wglewGetExtension("WGL_EXT_swap_control")) {
+            int swapInterval = wglGetSwapIntervalEXT();
+            qCDebug(gpulogging, "V-Sync is %s\n", (swapInterval > 0 ? "ON" : "OFF"));
+        }*/
+#endif
+    });
+
     initInput();
     initTransform();
 }
@@ -113,6 +144,7 @@ void GLBackend::render(Batch& batch) {
 }
 
 void GLBackend::renderBatch(Batch& batch, bool syncCache) {
+    qCDebug(gpulogging) << "GLBackend::renderBatch : Deprecated call, don;t do it!!!";
     GLBackend backend;
     if (syncCache) {
         backend.syncCache();
@@ -166,6 +198,8 @@ void GLBackend::syncCache() {
     syncTransformStateCache();
     syncPipelineStateCache();
     syncInputStateCache();
+
+    glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);
 }
 
 void GLBackend::do_draw(Batch& batch, uint32 paramOffset) {
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.h b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.h
index 60c01a815c..b3e905bf21 100644
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.h
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/GLBackend.h
@@ -447,7 +447,6 @@ protected:
 
     typedef void (GLBackend::*CommandCall)(Batch&, uint32);
     static CommandCall _commandCalls[Batch::NUM_COMMANDS];
-
 };
 
 
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
index d16ab5c047..100ad28053 100755
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 //
 
 #include "Texture.h"
-#include <math.h>
+
 #include <glm/gtc/constants.hpp>
 
 #include <QDebug>
diff --git a/libraries/physics/src/ShapeFactory.cpp b/libraries/physics/src/ShapeFactory.cpp
index 74b0304ace..cfe7abd4db 100644
--- a/libraries/physics/src/ShapeFactory.cpp
+++ b/libraries/physics/src/ShapeFactory.cpp
@@ -43,9 +43,18 @@ btConvexHullShape* ShapeFactory::createConvexHull(const QVector<glm::vec3>& poin
 
     const float MIN_MARGIN = 0.01f;
     glm::vec3 diagonal = maxCorner - minCorner;
-    float minDimension = glm::min(diagonal[0], diagonal[1]);
-    minDimension = glm::min(minDimension, diagonal[2]);
-    margin = glm::min(glm::max(0.5f * minDimension, MIN_MARGIN), margin);
+    float smallestDimension = glm::min(diagonal[0], diagonal[1]);
+    smallestDimension = glm::min(smallestDimension, diagonal[2]);
+    const float MIN_DIMENSION = 2.0f * MIN_MARGIN + 0.001f;
+    if (smallestDimension < MIN_DIMENSION) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            if (diagonal[i] < MIN_DIMENSION) {
+                diagonal[i] = MIN_DIMENSION;
+            }
+        }
+        smallestDimension = MIN_DIMENSION;
+    }
+    margin = glm::min(glm::max(0.5f * smallestDimension, MIN_MARGIN), margin);
     hull->setMargin(margin);
 
     // add the points, correcting for margin
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/DeferredLightingEffect.cpp b/libraries/render-utils/src/DeferredLightingEffect.cpp
index a2ab26ca0c..e6f2b520c7 100644
--- a/libraries/render-utils/src/DeferredLightingEffect.cpp
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/DeferredLightingEffect.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "GeometryCache.h"
 #include "RenderUtil.h"
 #include "TextureCache.h"
+#include "FramebufferCache.h"
 
 
 #include "simple_vert.h"
@@ -215,8 +216,6 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::addSpotLight(const glm::vec3& position, float radiu
 }
 
 void DeferredLightingEffect::prepare(RenderArgs* args) {
-
-    auto textureCache = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>();
     gpu::Batch batch;
     
     // clear the normal and specular buffers
@@ -228,29 +227,31 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::prepare(RenderArgs* args) {
     args->_context->render(batch);
 }
 
+gpu::FramebufferPointer _copyFBO;
+
 void DeferredLightingEffect::render(RenderArgs* args) {
     gpu::Batch batch;
 
     // perform deferred lighting, rendering to free fbo
-    auto textureCache = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>();
+    auto framebufferCache = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>();
     
-    QSize framebufferSize = textureCache->getFrameBufferSize();
+    QSize framebufferSize = framebufferCache->getFrameBufferSize();
     
     // binding the first framebuffer
-    auto freeFBO = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>()->getSecondaryFramebuffer();
-    batch.setFramebuffer(freeFBO);
+    _copyFBO = framebufferCache->getFramebuffer();
+    batch.setFramebuffer(_copyFBO);
 
     batch.setViewportTransform(args->_viewport);
  
-    batch.clearColorFramebuffer(freeFBO->getBufferMask(), glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
+    batch.clearColorFramebuffer(_copyFBO->getBufferMask(), glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
     
-    batch.setResourceTexture(0, textureCache->getPrimaryColorTexture());
+    batch.setResourceTexture(0, framebufferCache->getPrimaryColorTexture());
 
-    batch.setResourceTexture(1, textureCache->getPrimaryNormalTexture());
+    batch.setResourceTexture(1, framebufferCache->getPrimaryNormalTexture());
     
-    batch.setResourceTexture(2, textureCache->getPrimarySpecularTexture());
+    batch.setResourceTexture(2, framebufferCache->getPrimarySpecularTexture());
     
-    batch.setResourceTexture(3, textureCache->getPrimaryDepthTexture());
+    batch.setResourceTexture(3, framebufferCache->getPrimaryDepthTexture());
         
     float sMin = args->_viewport.x / (float)framebufferSize.width();
     float sWidth = args->_viewport.z / (float)framebufferSize.width();
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::render(RenderArgs* args) {
     const LightLocations* locations = &_directionalLightLocations;
     bool shadowsEnabled = _viewState->getShadowsEnabled();
     if (shadowsEnabled) {
-        batch.setResourceTexture(4, textureCache->getShadowFramebuffer()->getDepthStencilBuffer());
+        batch.setResourceTexture(4, framebufferCache->getShadowFramebuffer()->getDepthStencilBuffer());
         
         program = _directionalLightShadowMap;
         locations = &_directionalLightShadowMapLocations;
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::render(RenderArgs* args) {
             }
             batch.setPipeline(program);
         }
-        batch._glUniform1f(locations->shadowScale, 1.0f / textureCache->getShadowFramebuffer()->getWidth());
+        batch._glUniform1f(locations->shadowScale, 1.0f / framebufferCache->getShadowFramebuffer()->getWidth());
         
     } else {
         if (useSkyboxCubemap) {
@@ -535,17 +536,16 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::render(RenderArgs* args) {
     // End of the Lighting pass
 }
 
+
 void DeferredLightingEffect::copyBack(RenderArgs* args) {
     gpu::Batch batch;
-    auto textureCache = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>();
-    QSize framebufferSize = textureCache->getFrameBufferSize();
+    auto framebufferCache = DependencyManager::get<FramebufferCache>();
+    QSize framebufferSize = framebufferCache->getFrameBufferSize();
 
-    auto freeFBO = DependencyManager::get<TextureCache>()->getSecondaryFramebuffer();
-
-    batch.setFramebuffer(textureCache->getPrimaryFramebuffer());
+    batch.setFramebuffer(framebufferCache->getPrimaryFramebuffer());
     batch.setPipeline(_blitLightBuffer);
     
-    batch.setResourceTexture(0, freeFBO->getRenderBuffer(0));
+    batch.setResourceTexture(0, _copyFBO->getRenderBuffer(0));
 
     batch.setProjectionTransform(glm::mat4());
     batch.setViewTransform(Transform());
@@ -567,6 +567,7 @@ void DeferredLightingEffect::copyBack(RenderArgs* args) {
 
     args->_context->syncCache();
     args->_context->render(batch);
+    framebufferCache->releaseFramebuffer(_copyFBO);
 }
 
 void DeferredLightingEffect::setupTransparent(RenderArgs* args, int lightBufferUnit) {
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.cpp b/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7cb6451f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//
+//  FramebufferCache.cpp
+//  interface/src/renderer
+//
+//  Created by Andrzej Kapolka on 8/6/13.
+//  Copyright 2013 High Fidelity, Inc.
+//
+//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+//
+
+#include "FramebufferCache.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <QMap>
+#include <QQueue>
+#include <gpu/Batch.h>
+#include <gpu/GPUConfig.h>
+#include "RenderUtilsLogging.h"
+
+static QQueue<gpu::FramebufferPointer> _cachedFramebuffers;
+
+FramebufferCache::FramebufferCache() {
+}
+
+FramebufferCache::~FramebufferCache() {
+    _cachedFramebuffers.clear();
+}
+
+void FramebufferCache::setFrameBufferSize(QSize frameBufferSize) {
+    //If the size changed, we need to delete our FBOs
+    if (_frameBufferSize != frameBufferSize) {
+        _frameBufferSize = frameBufferSize;
+        _primaryFramebuffer.reset();
+        _primaryDepthTexture.reset();
+        _primaryColorTexture.reset();
+        _primaryNormalTexture.reset();
+        _primarySpecularTexture.reset();
+        _cachedFramebuffers.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void FramebufferCache::createPrimaryFramebuffer() {
+    _primaryFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::create());
+
+    auto colorFormat = gpu::Element(gpu::VEC4, gpu::NUINT8, gpu::RGBA);
+    auto width = _frameBufferSize.width();
+    auto height = _frameBufferSize.height();
+
+    auto defaultSampler = gpu::Sampler(gpu::Sampler::FILTER_MIN_MAG_POINT);
+    _primaryColorTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
+    _primaryNormalTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
+    _primarySpecularTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
+
+    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(0, _primaryColorTexture);
+    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(1, _primaryNormalTexture);
+    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(2, _primarySpecularTexture);
+
+
+    auto depthFormat = gpu::Element(gpu::SCALAR, gpu::FLOAT, gpu::DEPTH);
+    _primaryDepthTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(depthFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
+
+    _primaryFramebuffer->setDepthStencilBuffer(_primaryDepthTexture, depthFormat);
+}
+
+gpu::FramebufferPointer FramebufferCache::getPrimaryFramebuffer() {
+    if (!_primaryFramebuffer) {
+        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    }
+    return _primaryFramebuffer;
+}
+
+
+
+gpu::TexturePointer FramebufferCache::getPrimaryDepthTexture() {
+    if (!_primaryDepthTexture) {
+        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    }
+    return _primaryDepthTexture;
+}
+
+gpu::TexturePointer FramebufferCache::getPrimaryColorTexture() {
+    if (!_primaryColorTexture) {
+        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    }
+    return _primaryColorTexture;
+}
+
+gpu::TexturePointer FramebufferCache::getPrimaryNormalTexture() {
+    if (!_primaryNormalTexture) {
+        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    }
+    return _primaryNormalTexture;
+}
+
+gpu::TexturePointer FramebufferCache::getPrimarySpecularTexture() {
+    if (!_primarySpecularTexture) {
+        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+    }
+    return _primarySpecularTexture;
+}
+
+gpu::FramebufferPointer FramebufferCache::getFramebuffer() {
+    if (_cachedFramebuffers.isEmpty()) {
+        _cachedFramebuffers.push_back(gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::create(gpu::Element::COLOR_RGBA_32, _frameBufferSize.width(), _frameBufferSize.height())));
+    }
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer result = _cachedFramebuffers.front();
+    _cachedFramebuffers.pop_front();
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void FramebufferCache::releaseFramebuffer(const gpu::FramebufferPointer& framebuffer) {
+    if (QSize(framebuffer->getSize().x, framebuffer->getSize().y) == _frameBufferSize) {
+        _cachedFramebuffers.push_back(framebuffer);
+    }
+}
+
+gpu::FramebufferPointer FramebufferCache::getShadowFramebuffer() {
+    if (!_shadowFramebuffer) {
+        const int SHADOW_MAP_SIZE = 2048;
+        _shadowFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::createShadowmap(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE));
+    }
+    return _shadowFramebuffer;
+}
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.h b/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca01a470d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/FramebufferCache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//
+//  Created by Bradley Austin Davis on 2015/07/20
+//  Copyright 2015 High Fidelity, Inc.
+//
+//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+//
+
+#ifndef hifi_FramebufferCache_h
+#define hifi_FramebufferCache_h
+
+#include <QSize>
+
+#include <gpu/Framebuffer.h>
+#include <DependencyManager.h>
+
+namespace gpu {
+class Batch;
+}
+
+/// Stores cached textures, including render-to-texture targets.
+class FramebufferCache : public Dependency {
+    SINGLETON_DEPENDENCY
+    
+public:
+    /// Sets the desired texture resolution for the framebuffer objects. 
+    void setFrameBufferSize(QSize frameBufferSize);
+    const QSize& getFrameBufferSize() const { return _frameBufferSize; } 
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to the primary framebuffer object.  This render target includes a depth component, and is
+    /// used for scene rendering.
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer getPrimaryFramebuffer();
+
+    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryDepthTexture();
+    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryColorTexture();
+    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryNormalTexture();
+    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimarySpecularTexture();
+
+    /// Returns the framebuffer object used to render shadow maps;
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer getShadowFramebuffer();
+
+    /// Returns a free framebuffer with a single color attachment for temp or intra-frame operations
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer getFramebuffer();
+    // TODO add sync functionality to the release, so we don't reuse a framebuffer being read from
+    /// Releases a free framebuffer back for reuse
+    void releaseFramebuffer(const gpu::FramebufferPointer& framebuffer);
+
+private:
+    FramebufferCache();
+    virtual ~FramebufferCache();
+
+    void createPrimaryFramebuffer();
+
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer _primaryFramebuffer;
+    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryDepthTexture;
+    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryColorTexture;
+    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryNormalTexture;
+    gpu::TexturePointer _primarySpecularTexture;
+    
+    gpu::FramebufferPointer _shadowFramebuffer;
+    QSize _frameBufferSize{ 100, 100 };
+};
+
+#endif // hifi_FramebufferCache_h
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.cpp b/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.cpp
index ddfcc1589c..f86d15079d 100644
--- a/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.cpp
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@
 //  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
 //
 
+#include "TextureCache.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/random.hpp>
+
 #include <gpu/Batch.h>
 #include <gpu/GLBackend.h>
 #include <gpu/GPUConfig.h>
@@ -19,21 +26,10 @@
 #include <QThreadPool>
 #include <qimagereader.h>
 
-#include <glm/glm.hpp>
-#include <glm/gtc/random.hpp>
 
 #include "RenderUtilsLogging.h"
-#include "TextureCache.h"
 
-
-#include <mutex>
-
-TextureCache::TextureCache() :
-    _permutationNormalTexture(0),
-    _whiteTexture(0),
-    _blueTexture(0),
-    _frameBufferSize(100, 100)
-{
+TextureCache::TextureCache() {
     const qint64 TEXTURE_DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE = DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE;
     setUnusedResourceCacheSize(TEXTURE_DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE);
 }
@@ -41,23 +37,6 @@ TextureCache::TextureCache() :
 TextureCache::~TextureCache() {
 }
 
-void TextureCache::setFrameBufferSize(QSize frameBufferSize) {
-    //If the size changed, we need to delete our FBOs
-    if (_frameBufferSize != frameBufferSize) {
-        _frameBufferSize = frameBufferSize;
-
-        _primaryFramebuffer.reset();
-        _primaryDepthTexture.reset();
-        _primaryColorTexture.reset();
-        _primaryNormalTexture.reset();
-        _primarySpecularTexture.reset();
-
-        _secondaryFramebuffer.reset();
-
-        _tertiaryFramebuffer.reset();
-    }
-}
-
 // use fixed table of permutations. Could also make ordered list programmatically
 // and then shuffle algorithm. For testing, this ensures consistent behavior in each run.
 // this list taken from Ken Perlin's Improved Noise reference implementation (orig. in Java) at
@@ -175,113 +154,6 @@ NetworkTexturePointer TextureCache::getTexture(const QUrl& url, TextureType type
     return texture;
 }
 
-void TextureCache::createPrimaryFramebuffer() {
-    _primaryFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::create());
-
-    auto colorFormat = gpu::Element(gpu::VEC4, gpu::NUINT8, gpu::RGBA);
-    auto width = _frameBufferSize.width();
-    auto height = _frameBufferSize.height();
-
-    auto defaultSampler = gpu::Sampler(gpu::Sampler::FILTER_MIN_MAG_POINT);
-    _primaryColorTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
-    _primaryNormalTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
-    _primarySpecularTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(colorFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
-
-    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(0, _primaryColorTexture);
-    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(1, _primaryNormalTexture);
-    _primaryFramebuffer->setRenderBuffer(2, _primarySpecularTexture);
-
-
-    auto depthFormat = gpu::Element(gpu::SCALAR, gpu::FLOAT, gpu::DEPTH);
-    _primaryDepthTexture = gpu::TexturePointer(gpu::Texture::create2D(depthFormat, width, height, defaultSampler));
-
-    _primaryFramebuffer->setDepthStencilBuffer(_primaryDepthTexture, depthFormat);
-}
-
-gpu::FramebufferPointer TextureCache::getPrimaryFramebuffer() {
-    if (!_primaryFramebuffer) {
-        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-    }
-    return _primaryFramebuffer;
-}
-
-gpu::TexturePointer TextureCache::getPrimaryDepthTexture() {
-    if (!_primaryDepthTexture) {
-        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-    }
-    return _primaryDepthTexture;
-}
-
-gpu::TexturePointer TextureCache::getPrimaryColorTexture() {
-    if (!_primaryColorTexture) {
-        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-    }
-    return _primaryColorTexture;
-}
-
-gpu::TexturePointer TextureCache::getPrimaryNormalTexture() {
-    if (!_primaryNormalTexture) {
-        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-    }
-    return _primaryNormalTexture;
-}
-
-gpu::TexturePointer TextureCache::getPrimarySpecularTexture() {
-    if (!_primarySpecularTexture) {
-        createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-    }
-    return _primarySpecularTexture;
-}
-
-GLuint TextureCache::getPrimaryDepthTextureID() {
-    return gpu::GLBackend::getTextureID(getPrimaryDepthTexture());
-}
-
-void TextureCache::setPrimaryDrawBuffers(bool color, bool normal, bool specular) {
-    gpu::Batch batch;
-    setPrimaryDrawBuffers(batch, color, normal, specular);
-    gpu::GLBackend::renderBatch(batch);
-}
-    
-void TextureCache::setPrimaryDrawBuffers(gpu::Batch& batch, bool color, bool normal, bool specular) {
-    GLenum buffers[3];
-    int bufferCount = 0;
-    if (color) {
-        buffers[bufferCount++] = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0;
-    }
-    if (normal) {
-        buffers[bufferCount++] = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1;
-    }
-    if (specular) {
-        buffers[bufferCount++] = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2;
-    }
-    batch._glDrawBuffers(bufferCount, buffers);
-}
-
-gpu::FramebufferPointer TextureCache::getSecondaryFramebuffer() {
-    if (!_secondaryFramebuffer) {
-        _secondaryFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::create(gpu::Element::COLOR_RGBA_32, _frameBufferSize.width(), _frameBufferSize.height()));
-    }
-    return _secondaryFramebuffer;
-}
-
-gpu::FramebufferPointer TextureCache::getTertiaryFramebuffer() {
-    if (!_tertiaryFramebuffer) {
-        _tertiaryFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::create(gpu::Element::COLOR_RGBA_32, _frameBufferSize.width(), _frameBufferSize.height()));
-    }
-    return _tertiaryFramebuffer;
-}
-
-gpu::FramebufferPointer TextureCache::getShadowFramebuffer() {
-    if (!_shadowFramebuffer) {
-        const int SHADOW_MAP_SIZE = 2048;
-        _shadowFramebuffer = gpu::FramebufferPointer(gpu::Framebuffer::createShadowmap(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE));
-
-        _shadowTexture = _shadowFramebuffer->getDepthStencilBuffer();
-    }
-    return _shadowFramebuffer;
-}
-
 /// Returns a texture version of an image file
 gpu::TexturePointer TextureCache::getImageTexture(const QString& path) {
     QImage image = QImage(path).mirrored(false, true);
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.h b/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.h
index 6b4fff4f6b..8f60382e9b 100644
--- a/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.h
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/TextureCache.h
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 #define hifi_TextureCache_h
 
 #include <gpu/Texture.h>
-#include <gpu/Framebuffer.h>
-
 #include <model/Light.h>
 
 #include <QImage>
@@ -39,10 +37,6 @@ class TextureCache : public ResourceCache, public Dependency {
     SINGLETON_DEPENDENCY
     
 public:
-    /// Sets the desired texture resolution for the framebuffer objects. 
-    void setFrameBufferSize(QSize frameBufferSize);
-    const QSize& getFrameBufferSize() const { return _frameBufferSize; } 
-
     /// Returns the ID of the permutation/normal texture used for Perlin noise shader programs.  This texture
     /// has two lines: the first, a set of random numbers in [0, 255] to be used as permutation offsets, and
     /// the second, a set of random unit vectors to be used as noise gradients.
@@ -67,33 +61,6 @@ public:
     NetworkTexturePointer getTexture(const QUrl& url, TextureType type = DEFAULT_TEXTURE, bool dilatable = false,
         const QByteArray& content = QByteArray());
 
-    /// Returns a pointer to the primary framebuffer object.  This render target includes a depth component, and is
-    /// used for scene rendering.
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer getPrimaryFramebuffer();
-
-    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryDepthTexture();
-    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryColorTexture();
-    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimaryNormalTexture();
-    gpu::TexturePointer getPrimarySpecularTexture();
-
-    /// Returns the ID of the primary framebuffer object's depth texture.  This contains the Z buffer used in rendering.
-    uint32_t getPrimaryDepthTextureID();
-
-    /// Enables or disables draw buffers on the primary framebuffer.  Note: the primary framebuffer must be bound.
-    void setPrimaryDrawBuffers(bool color, bool normal = false, bool specular = false);
-    void setPrimaryDrawBuffers(gpu::Batch& batch, bool color, bool normal = false, bool specular = false);
-    
-    /// Returns a pointer to the secondary framebuffer object, used as an additional render target when performing full
-    /// screen effects.
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer getSecondaryFramebuffer();
-    
-    /// Returns a pointer to the tertiary framebuffer object, used as an additional render target when performing full
-    /// screen effects.
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer getTertiaryFramebuffer();
-    
-    /// Returns the framebuffer object used to render shadow maps;
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer getShadowFramebuffer();
-
 protected:
 
     virtual QSharedPointer<Resource> createResource(const QUrl& url,
@@ -110,23 +77,7 @@ private:
     gpu::TexturePointer _blueTexture;
     gpu::TexturePointer _blackTexture;
 
-    
     QHash<QUrl, QWeakPointer<NetworkTexture> > _dilatableNetworkTextures;
-   
-    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryDepthTexture;
-    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryColorTexture;
-    gpu::TexturePointer _primaryNormalTexture;
-    gpu::TexturePointer _primarySpecularTexture;
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer _primaryFramebuffer;
-    void createPrimaryFramebuffer();
-
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer _secondaryFramebuffer;
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer _tertiaryFramebuffer;
-
-    gpu::FramebufferPointer _shadowFramebuffer;
-    gpu::TexturePointer _shadowTexture;
-
-    QSize _frameBufferSize;
 };
 
 /// A simple object wrapper for an OpenGL texture.
diff --git a/libraries/shared/src/RenderArgs.h b/libraries/shared/src/RenderArgs.h
index 604cb46731..7a5daf7a17 100644
--- a/libraries/shared/src/RenderArgs.h
+++ b/libraries/shared/src/RenderArgs.h
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public:
         RENDER_DEBUG_SIMULATION_OWNERSHIP = 2,
     };
     
-    RenderArgs(gpu::Context* context = nullptr,
+    RenderArgs(std::shared_ptr<gpu::Context> context = nullptr,
                OctreeRenderer* renderer = nullptr,
                ViewFrustum* viewFrustum = nullptr,
                float sizeScale = 1.0f,
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public:
     _shouldRender(shouldRender) {
     }
 
-    gpu::Context* _context = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<gpu::Context> _context = nullptr;
     OctreeRenderer* _renderer = nullptr;
     ViewFrustum* _viewFrustum = nullptr;
     glm::ivec4 _viewport{ 0, 0, 1, 1 };
diff --git a/libraries/ui/src/OffscreenUi.cpp b/libraries/ui/src/OffscreenUi.cpp
index 916cdf8659..d581f12473 100644
--- a/libraries/ui/src/OffscreenUi.cpp
+++ b/libraries/ui/src/OffscreenUi.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 //  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
 //
 #include "OffscreenUi.h"
-#include <QOpenGLFramebufferObject>
 #include <QOpenGLDebugLogger>
 #include <QQuickWindow>
 #include <QGLWidget>