diff --git a/interface/src/Application.cpp b/interface/src/Application.cpp
index d4b88e8265..759a96388d 100644
--- a/interface/src/Application.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/Application.cpp
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@
 #include <RenderableWebEntityItem.h>
 #include <StencilMaskPass.h>
 #include <procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.h>
+#include <procedural/ReferenceMaterial.h>
 #include "recording/ClipCache.h"
 
 #include "AudioClient.h"
@@ -2158,6 +2159,32 @@ Application::Application(int& argc, char** argv, QElapsedTimer& startupTimer, bo
         return QSizeF(0.0f, 0.0f);
     });
 
+    Texture::setUnboundTextureForUUIDOperator([this](const QUuid& entityID) -> gpu::TexturePointer {
+        if (_aboutToQuit) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        auto renderable = getEntities()->renderableForEntityId(entityID);
+        if (renderable) {
+            return renderable->getTexture();
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    });
+
+    ReferenceMaterial::setMaterialForUUIDOperator([this](const QUuid& entityID) -> graphics::MaterialPointer {
+        if (_aboutToQuit) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        auto renderable = getEntities()->renderableForEntityId(entityID);
+        if (renderable) {
+            return renderable->getTopMaterial();
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    });
+
     connect(this, &Application::aboutToQuit, [this]() {
         setKeyboardFocusEntity(UNKNOWN_ENTITY_ID);
     });
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.cpp b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.cpp
index b7cfcde224..212baa6634 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.cpp
@@ -495,6 +495,15 @@ void EntityRenderer::removeMaterial(graphics::MaterialPointer material, const st
     emit requestRenderUpdate();
 }
 
+graphics::MaterialPointer EntityRenderer::getTopMaterial() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_materialsLock);
+    auto materials = _materials.find("0");
+    if (materials != _materials.end()) {
+        return materials->second.top().material;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 EntityRenderer::Pipeline EntityRenderer::getPipelineType(const graphics::MultiMaterial& materials) {
     if (materials.top().material && materials.top().material->isProcedural() && materials.top().material->isReady()) {
         return Pipeline::PROCEDURAL;
@@ -626,6 +635,7 @@ void EntityRenderer::updateShapeKeyBuilderFromMaterials(ShapeKey::Builder& build
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_materialsLock);
         materials = _materials.find("0");
+
         if (materials != _materials.end()) {
             if (materials->second.shouldUpdate()) {
                 RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(materials->second);
@@ -653,7 +663,6 @@ void EntityRenderer::updateShapeKeyBuilderFromMaterials(ShapeKey::Builder& build
     auto pipelineType = getPipelineType(materials->second);
     if (pipelineType == Pipeline::MATERIAL) {
         builder.withMaterial();
-
         if (drawMaterialKey.isNormalMap()) {
             builder.withTangents();
         }
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.h b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.h
index 2731fe6a50..3caeef0713 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.h
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableEntityItem.h
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ public:
     };
     virtual void addMaterial(graphics::MaterialLayer material, const std::string& parentMaterialName);
     virtual void removeMaterial(graphics::MaterialPointer material, const std::string& parentMaterialName);
+    virtual graphics::MaterialPointer getTopMaterial();
     static Pipeline getPipelineType(const graphics::MultiMaterial& materials);
+    virtual gpu::TexturePointer getTexture() { return nullptr; }
 
     virtual scriptable::ScriptableModelBase getScriptableModel() override { return scriptable::ScriptableModelBase(); }
 
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.cpp b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.cpp
index 3fa2174114..9592a3e57f 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.cpp
@@ -198,10 +198,8 @@ void ImageEntityRenderer::doRender(RenderArgs* args) {
         procedural->prepare(*batch, transform.getTranslation(), transform.getScale(), transform.getRotation(), _created, ProceduralProgramKey(transparent));
     } else if (pipelineType == Pipeline::SIMPLE) {
         batch->setResourceTexture(0, _texture->getGPUTexture());
-    } else {
-        if (RenderPipelines::bindMaterials(materials, *batch, args->_renderMode, args->_enableTexturing)) {
-            args->_details._materialSwitches++;
-        }
+    } else if (RenderPipelines::bindMaterials(materials, *batch, args->_renderMode, args->_enableTexturing)) {
+        args->_details._materialSwitches++;
     }
 
     DependencyManager::get<GeometryCache>()->renderQuad(
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.h b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.h
index ff82dc157a..cc923daf4b 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.h
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableImageEntityItem.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ public:
     ImageEntityRenderer(const EntityItemPointer& entity);
     ~ImageEntityRenderer();
 
+    gpu::TexturePointer getTexture() override { return _texture ? _texture->getGPUTexture() : nullptr; }
+
 protected:
     Item::Bound getBound(RenderArgs* args) override;
     ShapeKey getShapeKey() override;
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.cpp b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.cpp
index 8f8a2076f8..b8f829f4ba 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.cpp
@@ -79,26 +79,42 @@ void MaterialEntityRenderer::doRenderUpdateAsynchronousTyped(const TypedEntityPo
         }
     }
 
+    bool usingMaterialData = _materialURL.startsWith("materialData");
+    bool usingEntityID = _materialURL.startsWith("{");
+    bool materialDataChanged = false;
     bool urlChanged = false;
     std::string newCurrentMaterialName = _currentMaterialName;
+    QString targetEntityID = _materialURL;
     {
         QString materialURL = entity->getMaterialURL();
         if (materialURL != _materialURL) {
             _materialURL = materialURL;
+            usingMaterialData = _materialURL.startsWith("materialData");
+            usingEntityID = _materialURL.startsWith("{");
+            targetEntityID = _materialURL;
             if (_materialURL.contains("#")) {
                 auto split = _materialURL.split("#");
                 newCurrentMaterialName = split.last().toStdString();
+                if (usingEntityID) {
+                    targetEntityID = split.first();
+                }
             } else if (_materialURL.contains("?")) {
                 qDebug() << "DEPRECATED: Use # instead of ? for material URLS:" << _materialURL;
                 auto split = _materialURL.split("?");
                 newCurrentMaterialName = split.last().toStdString();
+                if (usingEntityID) {
+                    targetEntityID = split.first();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (usingMaterialData) {
+                materialDataChanged = true;
+            } else {
+                urlChanged = true;
             }
-            urlChanged = true;
         }
     }
 
-    bool usingMaterialData = _materialURL.startsWith("materialData");
-    bool materialDataChanged = false;
     QUuid oldParentID = _parentID;
     QString oldParentMaterialName = _parentMaterialName;
     {
@@ -135,7 +151,7 @@ void MaterialEntityRenderer::doRenderUpdateAsynchronousTyped(const TypedEntityPo
         }
     }
 
-    if (urlChanged && !usingMaterialData) {
+    if (urlChanged && !usingMaterialData && !usingEntityID) {
         _networkMaterial = DependencyManager::get<MaterialCache>()->getMaterial(_materialURL);
         auto onMaterialRequestFinished = [this, entity, oldParentID, oldParentMaterialName, newCurrentMaterialName](bool success) {
             deleteMaterial(oldParentID, oldParentMaterialName);
@@ -159,6 +175,13 @@ void MaterialEntityRenderer::doRenderUpdateAsynchronousTyped(const TypedEntityPo
                 });
             }
         }
+    } else if (urlChanged && usingEntityID) {
+        deleteMaterial(oldParentID, oldParentMaterialName);
+        _texturesLoaded = true;
+        _parsedMaterials = NetworkMaterialResource::parseMaterialForUUID(QJsonValue(targetEntityID));
+        // Since our material changed, the current name might not be valid anymore, so we need to update
+        setCurrentMaterialName(newCurrentMaterialName);
+        applyMaterial(entity);
     } else if (materialDataChanged && usingMaterialData) {
         deleteMaterial(oldParentID, oldParentMaterialName);
         _texturesLoaded = false;
@@ -167,6 +190,10 @@ void MaterialEntityRenderer::doRenderUpdateAsynchronousTyped(const TypedEntityPo
         setCurrentMaterialName(newCurrentMaterialName);
         applyMaterial(entity);
     } else {
+        if (newCurrentMaterialName != _currentMaterialName) {
+            setCurrentMaterialName(newCurrentMaterialName);
+        }
+
         if (deleteNeeded) {
             deleteMaterial(oldParentID, oldParentMaterialName);
         }
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.h b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.h
index 340d169f29..25403e8a2b 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.h
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableMaterialEntityItem.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ public:
     MaterialEntityRenderer(const EntityItemPointer& entity) : Parent(entity) {}
     ~MaterialEntityRenderer() { deleteMaterial(_parentID, _parentMaterialName); }
 
+    graphics::MaterialPointer getTopMaterial() override { return getMaterial(); }
+
 private:
     virtual void doRenderUpdateSynchronousTyped(const ScenePointer& scene, Transaction& transaction, const TypedEntityPointer& entity) override;
     virtual void doRenderUpdateAsynchronousTyped(const TypedEntityPointer& entity) override;
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.cpp b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.cpp
index 7932a19110..6e436a0dcd 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.cpp
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ void WebEntityRenderer::doRender(RenderArgs* args) {
 
     // Try to update the texture
     OffscreenQmlSurface::TextureAndFence newTextureAndFence;
+    QSize windowSize;
     bool newTextureAvailable = false;
     if (!resultWithReadLock<bool>([&] {
         if (!_webSurface) {
@@ -281,6 +282,7 @@ void WebEntityRenderer::doRender(RenderArgs* args) {
         }
 
         newTextureAvailable = _webSurface->fetchTexture(newTextureAndFence);
+        windowSize = _webSurface->size();
         return true;
     })) {
         return;
@@ -288,6 +290,8 @@ void WebEntityRenderer::doRender(RenderArgs* args) {
 
     if (newTextureAvailable) {
         _texture->setExternalTexture(newTextureAndFence.first, newTextureAndFence.second);
+        _texture->setSize(windowSize.width(), windowSize.height());
+        _texture->setOriginalSize(windowSize.width(), windowSize.height());
     }
 
     static const glm::vec2 texMin(0.0f), texMax(1.0f), topLeft(-0.5f), bottomRight(0.5f);
diff --git a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.h b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.h
index 1ac415e5e5..fb04e08ec7 100644
--- a/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.h
+++ b/libraries/entities-renderer/src/RenderableWebEntityItem.h
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ public:
     virtual void setProxyWindow(QWindow* proxyWindow) override;
     virtual QObject* getEventHandler() override;
 
+    gpu::TexturePointer getTexture() override { return _texture; }
+
 protected:
     virtual bool needsRenderUpdateFromTypedEntity(const TypedEntityPointer& entity) const override;
     virtual void doRenderUpdateSynchronousTyped(const ScenePointer& scene, Transaction& transaction, const TypedEntityPointer& entity) override;
diff --git a/libraries/entities/src/EntityItemProperties.cpp b/libraries/entities/src/EntityItemProperties.cpp
index 425cfe9439..945804a0fc 100644
--- a/libraries/entities/src/EntityItemProperties.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities/src/EntityItemProperties.cpp
@@ -951,10 +951,11 @@ EntityPropertyFlags EntityItemProperties::getChangedProperties() const {
  *
  * @typedef {object} Entities.EntityProperties-Material
  * @property {Vec3} dimensions=0.1,0.1,0.1 - Used when <code>materialMappingMode == "projected"</code>.
- * @property {string} materialURL="" - URL to a {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource}. If you append
- *     <code>"#name"</code> to the URL, the  material with that name in the {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource}
- *     will be applied to the entity. Alternatively, set the property value to <code>"materialData"</code> to use the
- *     <code>materialData</code> property for the {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource} values.
+ * @property {string} materialURL="" - URL to a {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource}. Alternatively, set the
+ *     property value to <code>"materialData"</code> to use the <code>materialData</code> property for the
+ *     {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource} values. If you append <code>"#name"</code> to the URL, the material
+ *     with that name will be applied to the entity. You can also use the ID of another Material entity as the URL, in which
+ *     case this material will act as a copy of that material, with its own unique material transform, priority, etc.
  * @property {string} materialData="" - Used to store {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource} data as a JSON string.
  *     You can use <code>JSON.parse()</code> to parse the string into a JavaScript object which you can manipulate the
  *     properties of, and use <code>JSON.stringify()</code> to convert the object into a string to put in the property.
@@ -1379,7 +1380,8 @@ EntityPropertyFlags EntityItemProperties::getChangedProperties() const {
 /*@jsdoc
  * The <code>"Web"</code> {@link Entities.EntityType|EntityType} displays a browsable web page. Each user views their own copy
  * of the web page: if one user navigates to another page on the entity, other users do not see the change; if a video is being
- * played, users don't see it in sync. It has properties in addition to the common
+ * played, users don't see it in sync. Internally, a Web entity is rendered as a non-repeating, upside down texture, so additional
+ * transformations may be necessary if you reference a Web entity texture by UUID. It has properties in addition to the common
  * {@link Entities.EntityProperties|EntityProperties}.
  *
  * @typedef {object} Entities.EntityProperties-Web
diff --git a/libraries/entities/src/EntityTree.cpp b/libraries/entities/src/EntityTree.cpp
index eeb42626c2..63d8842a91 100644
--- a/libraries/entities/src/EntityTree.cpp
+++ b/libraries/entities/src/EntityTree.cpp
@@ -2751,6 +2751,47 @@ QVector<EntityItemID> EntityTree::sendEntities(EntityEditPacketSender* packetSen
     return map.values().toVector();
 }
 
+QJsonValue replaceEntityIDsInJSONHelper(const QJsonValue& jsonValue, std::function<EntityItemID(EntityItemID)> getMapped) {
+    if (jsonValue.isString()) {
+        QString stringValue = jsonValue.toString();
+        QUuid oldID = stringValue;
+        if (!oldID.isNull()) {
+            return QJsonValue(getMapped(oldID).toString());
+        }
+        return stringValue;
+    } else if (jsonValue.isArray()) {
+        QJsonArray jsonArray = jsonValue.toArray();
+        for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.count(); i++) {
+            jsonArray[i] = replaceEntityIDsInJSONHelper(jsonArray[i], getMapped);
+        }
+        return jsonArray;
+    } else if (jsonValue.isObject()) {
+        QJsonObject jsonObject = jsonValue.toObject();
+        auto keys = jsonObject.keys();
+        for (auto& key : keys) {
+            auto value = jsonObject.value(key);
+            jsonObject[key] = replaceEntityIDsInJSONHelper(value, getMapped);
+        }
+        return jsonObject;
+    } else {
+        return jsonValue;
+    }
+}
+
+QString replaceEntityIDsInJSON(const QString& json, std::function<EntityItemID(EntityItemID)> getMapped) {
+    QJsonDocument document = QJsonDocument::fromJson(json.toUtf8());
+    if (!document.isNull() && document.isObject()) {
+        QJsonObject jsonObject = document.object();
+        auto keys = jsonObject.keys();
+        for (auto& key : keys) {
+            auto value = jsonObject.value(key);
+            jsonObject[key] = replaceEntityIDsInJSONHelper(value, getMapped);
+        }
+        document = QJsonDocument(jsonObject);
+    }
+    return document.toJson();
+}
+
 bool EntityTree::sendEntitiesOperation(const OctreeElementPointer& element, void* extraData) {
     SendEntitiesOperationArgs* args = static_cast<SendEntitiesOperationArgs*>(extraData);
     EntityTreeElementPointer entityTreeElement = std::static_pointer_cast<EntityTreeElement>(element);
@@ -2819,6 +2860,61 @@ bool EntityTree::sendEntitiesOperation(const OctreeElementPointer& element, void
         QByteArray actionData = properties.getActionData();
         properties.setActionData(remapActionDataIDs(actionData, *args->map));
 
+        {
+            QString materialURL = properties.getMaterialURL();
+            QString uuidString = materialURL;
+            QString materialName = "";
+
+            if (materialURL.contains("?")) {
+                QStringList split = materialURL.split("?");
+                uuidString = split[0];
+                if (split.length() > 1) {
+                    materialName = split[1];
+                }
+            } else if (materialURL.contains("#")) {
+                QStringList split = materialURL.split("#");
+                uuidString = split[0];
+                if (split.length() > 1) {
+                    materialName = split[1];
+                }
+            }
+
+            QUuid oldID = uuidString;
+            if (!oldID.isNull()) {
+                uuidString = getMapped(oldID).toString();
+            }
+            QUuid oldMaterialName = materialName;
+            if (!oldMaterialName.isNull()) {
+                materialName = getMapped(oldMaterialName).toString();
+            }
+
+            if (!materialName.isEmpty()) {
+                properties.setMaterialURL(uuidString + "?" + materialName);
+            } else {
+                properties.setMaterialURL(uuidString);
+            }
+        }
+
+        QString imageURL = properties.getImageURL();
+        if (imageURL.startsWith("{")) {
+            QUuid oldID = imageURL;
+            if (!oldID.isNull()) {
+                properties.setImageURL(getMapped(oldID).toString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        QString materialData = properties.getMaterialData();
+        if (!materialData.isEmpty()) {
+            materialData = replaceEntityIDsInJSON(materialData, getMapped);
+            properties.setMaterialData(materialData);
+        }
+
+        QString userData = properties.getUserData();
+        if (!userData.isEmpty()) {
+            userData = replaceEntityIDsInJSON(userData, getMapped);
+            properties.setUserData(userData);
+        }
+
         // set creation time to "now" for imported entities
         properties.setCreated(usecTimestampNow());
 
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
index 1edd7d33cf..48159c5da5 100755
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.cpp
@@ -322,6 +322,16 @@ bool Texture::isDepthStencilRenderTarget() const {
     return (_texelFormat.getSemantic() == gpu::DEPTH) || (_texelFormat.getSemantic() == gpu::DEPTH_STENCIL);
 }
 
+void Texture::setSize(int width, int height) {
+    _width = width;
+    _height = height;
+}
+
+void Texture::setOriginalSize(int width, int height) {
+    _originalWidth = width;
+    _originalHeight = height;
+}
+
 uint16 Texture::evalDimMaxNumMips(uint16 size) {
     double largerDim = size;
     double val = log(largerDim)/log(2.0);
@@ -887,16 +897,34 @@ void SphericalHarmonics::evalFromTexture(const Texture& texture, gpu::BackendTar
 
 
 // TextureSource
-void TextureSource::resetTexture(gpu::TexturePointer texture) {
+const gpu::TexturePointer TextureSource::getGPUTexture() const {
+    if (_gpuTextureOperator && !_locked) {
+        _locked = true;
+        auto gpuTexture = _gpuTextureOperator();
+        _locked = false;
+        return gpuTexture;
+    }
+    return _gpuTexture;
+}
+
+void TextureSource::resetTexture(const gpu::TexturePointer& texture) {
     _gpuTexture = texture;
+    _gpuTextureOperator = nullptr;
+}
+
+void TextureSource::resetTextureOperator(const std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()>& textureOperator) {
+    _gpuTexture = nullptr;
+    _gpuTextureOperator = textureOperator;
 }
 
 bool TextureSource::isDefined() const {
-    if (_gpuTexture) {
-        return _gpuTexture->isDefined();
-    } else {
-        return false;
+    if (_gpuTextureOperator && !_locked) {
+        _locked = true;
+        auto gpuTexture = _gpuTextureOperator();
+        _locked = false;
+        return gpuTexture && gpuTexture->isDefined();
     }
+    return _gpuTexture && _gpuTexture->isDefined();
 }
 
 bool Texture::setMinMip(uint16 newMinMip) {
@@ -930,6 +958,7 @@ void Texture::setExternalTexture(uint32 externalId, void* externalFence) {
     Lock lock(_externalMutex);
     assert(_externalRecycler);
     _externalUpdates.push_back({ externalId, externalFence });
+    _defined = true;
 }
 
 Texture::ExternalUpdates Texture::getUpdates() const {
diff --git a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.h b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.h
index a525cda1ab..a0cfc60b6e 100755
--- a/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.h
+++ b/libraries/gpu/src/gpu/Texture.h
@@ -417,11 +417,16 @@ public:
 
     Element getTexelFormat() const { return _texelFormat; }
 
+    void setSize(int width, int height);
     Vec3u getDimensions() const { return Vec3u(_width, _height, _depth); }
     uint16 getWidth() const { return _width; }
     uint16 getHeight() const { return _height; }
     uint16 getDepth() const { return _depth; }
 
+    void setOriginalSize(int width, int height);
+    int getOriginalWidth() const { return _originalWidth; }
+    int getOriginalHeight() const { return _originalHeight; }
+
     // The number of faces is mostly used for cube map, and maybe for stereo ? otherwise it's 1
     // For cube maps, this means the pixels of the different faces are supposed to be packed back to back in a mip
     // as if the height was NUM_FACES time bigger.
@@ -615,6 +620,8 @@ protected:
     uint16 _width { 1 };
     uint16 _height { 1 };
     uint16 _depth { 1 };
+    int _originalWidth { 0 };
+    int _originalHeight { 0 };
 
     uint16 _numSamples { 1 };
 
@@ -676,9 +683,10 @@ public:
         _element(element)
     {};
 
-    TextureView(const TexturePointer& texture, uint16 subresource) :
+    TextureView(const TexturePointer& texture, uint16 subresource, std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> textureOperator = nullptr) :
         _texture(texture),
-        _subresource(subresource)
+        _subresource(subresource),
+        _textureOperator(textureOperator)
     {};
 
     ~TextureView() {}
@@ -689,6 +697,12 @@ public:
     bool operator !() const { return (!_texture); }
 
     bool isValid() const { return bool(_texture); }
+
+    bool isReference() const { return (bool)_textureOperator; }
+    std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> getTextureOperator() const { return _textureOperator; }
+
+private:
+    std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> _textureOperator { nullptr };
 };
 typedef std::vector<TextureView> TextureViews;
 
@@ -700,16 +714,20 @@ public:
 
     void setUrl(const QUrl& url) { _imageUrl = url; }
     const QUrl& getUrl() const { return _imageUrl; }
-    const gpu::TexturePointer getGPUTexture() const { return _gpuTexture; }
+    const gpu::TexturePointer getGPUTexture() const;
     void setType(int type) { _type = type; }
     int getType() const { return _type; }
 
-    void resetTexture(gpu::TexturePointer texture);
+    void resetTexture(const gpu::TexturePointer& texture);
+    void resetTextureOperator(const std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()>& textureOperator);
 
     bool isDefined() const;
+    std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> getTextureOperator() const { return _gpuTextureOperator; }
 
 protected:
     gpu::TexturePointer _gpuTexture;
+    std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> _gpuTextureOperator { nullptr };
+    mutable bool _locked { false };
     QUrl _imageUrl;
     int _type { 0 };
 };
diff --git a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.cpp b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.cpp
index 41cd319595..836487de14 100755
--- a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.cpp
+++ b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.cpp
@@ -281,4 +281,33 @@ void MultiMaterial::calculateMaterialInfo() const {
         }
         _hasCalculatedTextureInfo = allTextures;
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+void MultiMaterial::resetReferenceTexturesAndMaterials() {
+    _referenceTextures.clear();
+    _referenceMaterials.clear();
+}
+
+void MultiMaterial::addReferenceTexture(const std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()>& textureOperator) {
+    _referenceTextures.emplace_back(textureOperator, textureOperator());
+}
+
+void MultiMaterial::addReferenceMaterial(const std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer()>& materialOperator) {
+    _referenceMaterials.emplace_back(materialOperator, materialOperator());
+}
+
+bool MultiMaterial::anyReferenceMaterialsOrTexturesChanged() const {
+    for (auto textureOperatorPair : _referenceTextures) {
+        if (textureOperatorPair.first() != textureOperatorPair.second) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto materialOperatorPair : _referenceMaterials) {
+        if (materialOperatorPair.first() != materialOperatorPair.second) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
diff --git a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.h b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.h
index 7a411e5b2c..2eb4e0cbe1 100755
--- a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.h
+++ b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/Material.h
@@ -341,57 +341,57 @@ public:
     virtual ~Material() = default;
     Material& operator= (const Material& material);
 
-    const MaterialKey& getKey() const { return _key; }
+    virtual MaterialKey getKey() const { return _key; }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_EMISSIVE;
     void setEmissive(const glm::vec3& emissive, bool isSRGB = true);
-    glm::vec3 getEmissive(bool SRGB = true) const { return (SRGB ? ColorUtils::tosRGBVec3(_emissive) : _emissive); }
+    virtual glm::vec3 getEmissive(bool SRGB = true) const { return (SRGB ? ColorUtils::tosRGBVec3(_emissive) : _emissive); }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_OPACITY;
     void setOpacity(float opacity);
-    float getOpacity() const { return _opacity; }
+    virtual float getOpacity() const { return _opacity; }
 
     static const MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode DEFAULT_OPACITY_MAP_MODE;
     void setOpacityMapMode(MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode opacityMapMode);
-    MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode getOpacityMapMode() const;
+    virtual MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode getOpacityMapMode() const;
 
     static const float DEFAULT_OPACITY_CUTOFF;
     void setOpacityCutoff(float opacityCutoff);
-    float getOpacityCutoff() const { return _opacityCutoff; }
+    virtual float getOpacityCutoff() const { return _opacityCutoff; }
 
     static const MaterialKey::CullFaceMode DEFAULT_CULL_FACE_MODE;
     void setCullFaceMode(MaterialKey::CullFaceMode cullFaceMode) { _cullFaceMode = cullFaceMode; }
-    MaterialKey::CullFaceMode getCullFaceMode() const { return _cullFaceMode; }
+    virtual MaterialKey::CullFaceMode getCullFaceMode() const { return _cullFaceMode; }
 
     void setUnlit(bool value);
-    bool isUnlit() const { return _key.isUnlit(); }
+    virtual bool isUnlit() const { return _key.isUnlit(); }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_ALBEDO;
     void setAlbedo(const glm::vec3& albedo, bool isSRGB = true);
-    glm::vec3 getAlbedo(bool SRGB = true) const { return (SRGB ? ColorUtils::tosRGBVec3(_albedo) : _albedo); }
+    virtual glm::vec3 getAlbedo(bool SRGB = true) const { return (SRGB ? ColorUtils::tosRGBVec3(_albedo) : _albedo); }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_METALLIC;
     void setMetallic(float metallic);
-    float getMetallic() const { return _metallic; }
+    virtual float getMetallic() const { return _metallic; }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_ROUGHNESS;
     void setRoughness(float roughness);
-    float getRoughness() const { return _roughness; }
+    virtual float getRoughness() const { return _roughness; }
 
     static const float DEFAULT_SCATTERING;
     void setScattering(float scattering);
-    float getScattering() const { return _scattering; }
+    virtual float getScattering() const { return _scattering; }
 
     // The texture map to channel association
     static const int NUM_TEXCOORD_TRANSFORMS { 2 };
     void setTextureMap(MapChannel channel, const TextureMapPointer& textureMap);
-    const TextureMaps& getTextureMaps() const { return _textureMaps; } // FIXME - not thread safe... 
+    virtual TextureMaps getTextureMaps() const { return _textureMaps; } // FIXME - not thread safe...
     const TextureMapPointer getTextureMap(MapChannel channel) const;
 
     // Albedo maps cannot have opacity detected until they are loaded
     // This method allows const changing of the key/schemaBuffer without touching the map
     // return true if the opacity changed, flase otherwise
-    bool resetOpacityMap() const;
+    virtual bool resetOpacityMap() const;
 
     // conversion from legacy material properties to PBR equivalent
     static float shininessToRoughness(float shininess) { return 1.0f - shininess / 100.0f; }
@@ -404,12 +404,12 @@ public:
     const std::string& getModel() const { return _model; }
     void setModel(const std::string& model) { _model = model; }
 
-    glm::mat4 getTexCoordTransform(uint i) const { return _texcoordTransforms[i]; }
+    virtual glm::mat4 getTexCoordTransform(uint i) const { return _texcoordTransforms[i]; }
     void setTexCoordTransform(uint i, const glm::mat4& mat4) { _texcoordTransforms[i] = mat4; }
-    glm::vec2 getLightmapParams() const { return _lightmapParams; }
-    glm::vec2 getMaterialParams() const { return _materialParams; }
+    virtual glm::vec2 getLightmapParams() const { return _lightmapParams; }
+    virtual glm::vec2 getMaterialParams() const { return _materialParams; }
 
-    bool getDefaultFallthrough() const { return _defaultFallthrough; }
+    virtual bool getDefaultFallthrough() const { return _defaultFallthrough; }
     void setDefaultFallthrough(bool defaultFallthrough) { _defaultFallthrough = defaultFallthrough; }
 
     enum ExtraFlagBit {
@@ -430,6 +430,8 @@ public:
     virtual bool isReady() const { return true; }
     virtual QString getProceduralString() const { return QString(); }
 
+    virtual bool isReference() const { return false; }
+
     static const std::string HIFI_PBR;
     static const std::string HIFI_SHADER_SIMPLE;
 
@@ -547,12 +549,16 @@ public:
     void setTexturesLoading(bool value) { _texturesLoading = value; }
     void setInitialized() { _initialized = true; }
 
-    bool shouldUpdate() const { return !_initialized || _needsUpdate || _texturesLoading; }
+    bool shouldUpdate() const { return !_initialized || _needsUpdate || _texturesLoading || anyReferenceMaterialsOrTexturesChanged(); }
 
     int getTextureCount() const { calculateMaterialInfo(); return _textureCount; }
     size_t getTextureSize()  const { calculateMaterialInfo(); return _textureSize; }
     bool hasTextureInfo() const { return _hasCalculatedTextureInfo; }
 
+    void resetReferenceTexturesAndMaterials();
+    void addReferenceTexture(const std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()>& textureOperator);
+    void addReferenceMaterial(const std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer()>& materialOperator);
+
 private:
     gpu::BufferView _schemaBuffer;
     graphics::MaterialKey::CullFaceMode _cullFaceMode { graphics::Material::DEFAULT_CULL_FACE_MODE };
@@ -565,6 +571,11 @@ private:
     mutable int _textureCount { 0 };
     mutable bool _hasCalculatedTextureInfo { false };
     void calculateMaterialInfo() const;
+
+    bool anyReferenceMaterialsOrTexturesChanged() const;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()>, gpu::TexturePointer>> _referenceTextures;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer()>, graphics::MaterialPointer>> _referenceMaterials;
 };
 
 };
diff --git a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/TextureMap.cpp b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/TextureMap.cpp
index e2f24d68ff..0590203907 100755
--- a/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/TextureMap.cpp
+++ b/libraries/graphics/src/graphics/TextureMap.cpp
@@ -18,16 +18,12 @@ void TextureMap::setTextureSource(TextureSourcePointer& textureSource) {
 }
 
 bool TextureMap::isDefined() const {
-    if (_textureSource) {
-        return _textureSource->isDefined();
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
+    return _textureSource && _textureSource->isDefined();
 }
 
 gpu::TextureView TextureMap::getTextureView() const {
     if (_textureSource) {
-        return gpu::TextureView(_textureSource->getGPUTexture(), 0);
+        return gpu::TextureView(_textureSource->getGPUTexture(), 0, _textureSource->getTextureOperator());
     } else {
         return gpu::TextureView();
     }
diff --git a/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.cpp b/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.cpp
index 92e5e0873c..0307e38cc9 100644
--- a/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.cpp
+++ b/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ static const QUrl HMD_PREVIEW_FRAME_URL("resource://hmdPreviewFrame");
 static const float SKYBOX_LOAD_PRIORITY { 10.0f }; // Make sure skybox loads first
 static const float HIGH_MIPS_LOAD_PRIORITY { 9.0f }; // Make sure high mips loads after skybox but before models
 
+std::function<gpu::TexturePointer(const QUuid&)> Texture::_unboundTextureForUUIDOperator { nullptr };
+
 TextureCache::TextureCache() {
     _ktxCache->initialize();
 #if defined(DISABLE_KTX_CACHE)
@@ -252,6 +254,10 @@ NetworkTexturePointer TextureCache::getTexture(const QUrl& url, image::TextureUs
     if (url.scheme() == RESOURCE_SCHEME) {
         return getResourceTexture(url);
     }
+    QString decodedURL = QUrl::fromPercentEncoding(url.toEncoded());
+    if (decodedURL.startsWith("{")) {
+        return getTextureByUUID(decodedURL);
+    }
     auto modifiedUrl = url;
     if (type == image::TextureUsage::SKY_TEXTURE) {
         QUrlQuery query { url.query() };
@@ -385,8 +391,6 @@ NetworkTexture::NetworkTexture(const NetworkTexture& other) :
     _type(other._type),
     _sourceChannel(other._sourceChannel),
     _currentlyLoadingResourceType(other._currentlyLoadingResourceType),
-    _originalWidth(other._originalWidth),
-    _originalHeight(other._originalHeight),
     _width(other._width),
     _height(other._height),
     _maxNumPixels(other._maxNumPixels),
@@ -462,13 +466,12 @@ void NetworkTexture::setExtra(void* extra) {
 
 void NetworkTexture::setImage(gpu::TexturePointer texture, int originalWidth,
                               int originalHeight) {
-    _originalWidth = originalWidth;
-    _originalHeight = originalHeight;
 
     // Passing ownership
     _textureSource->resetTexture(texture);
 
     if (texture) {
+        texture->setOriginalSize(originalWidth, originalHeight);
         _width = texture->getWidth();
         _height = texture->getHeight();
         setSize(texture->getStoredSize());
@@ -481,6 +484,12 @@ void NetworkTexture::setImage(gpu::TexturePointer texture, int originalWidth,
     emit networkTextureCreated(qWeakPointerCast<NetworkTexture, Resource> (_self));
 }
 
+void NetworkTexture::setImageOperator(std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> textureOperator) {
+    _textureSource->resetTextureOperator(textureOperator);
+    finishedLoading((bool)textureOperator);
+    emit networkTextureCreated(qWeakPointerCast<NetworkTexture, Resource> (_self));
+}
+
 gpu::TexturePointer NetworkTexture::getFallbackTexture() const {
     return getFallbackTextureForType(_type);
 }
@@ -1312,7 +1321,6 @@ void ImageReader::read() {
 }
 
 NetworkTexturePointer TextureCache::getResourceTexture(const QUrl& resourceTextureUrl) {
-    gpu::TexturePointer texture;
     if (resourceTextureUrl == SPECTATOR_CAMERA_FRAME_URL) {
         if (!_spectatorCameraNetworkTexture) {
             _spectatorCameraNetworkTexture.reset(new NetworkTexture(resourceTextureUrl, true));
@@ -1329,6 +1337,7 @@ NetworkTexturePointer TextureCache::getResourceTexture(const QUrl& resourceTextu
             _hmdPreviewNetworkTexture.reset(new NetworkTexture(resourceTextureUrl, true));
         }
         if (_hmdPreviewFramebuffer) {
+            gpu::TexturePointer texture;
             texture = _hmdPreviewFramebuffer->getRenderBuffer(0);
             if (texture) {
                 texture->setSource(HMD_PREVIEW_FRAME_URL.toString().toStdString());
@@ -1375,3 +1384,27 @@ void TextureCache::updateSpectatorCameraNetworkTexture() {
         }
     }
 }
+
+NetworkTexturePointer TextureCache::getTextureByUUID(const QString& uuid) {
+    QUuid quuid = QUuid(uuid);
+    if (!quuid.isNull()) {
+        // We mark this as a resource texture because it's just a reference to another texture.  The source
+        // texture will be marked properly
+        NetworkTexturePointer toReturn = NetworkTexturePointer(new NetworkTexture(uuid, true));
+        toReturn->setImageOperator(Texture::getTextureForUUIDOperator(uuid));
+        return toReturn;
+    }
+    return NetworkTexturePointer();
+}
+
+std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> Texture::getTextureForUUIDOperator(const QUuid& uuid) {
+    if (_unboundTextureForUUIDOperator) {
+        return std::bind(_unboundTextureForUUIDOperator, uuid);
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+void Texture::setUnboundTextureForUUIDOperator(std::function<gpu::TexturePointer(const QUuid&)> textureForUUIDOperator) {
+    _unboundTextureForUUIDOperator = textureForUUIDOperator;
+}
diff --git a/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.h b/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.h
index aab458e184..c0633c2f9b 100644
--- a/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.h
+++ b/libraries/material-networking/src/material-networking/TextureCache.h
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ class Texture {
 public:
     gpu::TexturePointer getGPUTexture() const { return _textureSource->getGPUTexture(); }
     gpu::TextureSourcePointer _textureSource;
+
+    static std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> getTextureForUUIDOperator(const QUuid& uuid);
+    static void setUnboundTextureForUUIDOperator(std::function<gpu::TexturePointer(const QUuid&)> textureForUUIDOperator);
+
+private:
+    static std::function<gpu::TexturePointer(const QUuid&)> _unboundTextureForUUIDOperator;
 };
 
 /// A texture loaded from the network.
@@ -52,10 +58,10 @@ public:
 
     QString getType() const override { return "NetworkTexture"; }
 
-    int getOriginalWidth() const { return _originalWidth; }
-    int getOriginalHeight() const { return _originalHeight; }
-    int getWidth() const { return _width; }
-    int getHeight() const { return _height; }
+    int getOriginalWidth() const { return _textureSource->getGPUTexture() ? _textureSource->getGPUTexture()->getOriginalWidth() : 0; }
+    int getOriginalHeight() const { return _textureSource->getGPUTexture() ? _textureSource->getGPUTexture()->getOriginalHeight() : 0; }
+    int getWidth() const { return _textureSource->getGPUTexture() ? _textureSource->getGPUTexture()->getWidth() : 0; }
+    int getHeight() const { return _textureSource->getGPUTexture() ? _textureSource->getGPUTexture()->getHeight() : 0; }
     image::TextureUsage::Type getTextureType() const { return _type; }
 
     gpu::TexturePointer getFallbackTexture() const;
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ protected:
     Q_INVOKABLE void loadTextureContent(const QByteArray& content);
 
     Q_INVOKABLE void setImage(gpu::TexturePointer texture, int originalWidth, int originalHeight);
+    void setImageOperator(std::function<gpu::TexturePointer()> textureOperator);
 
     Q_INVOKABLE void startRequestForNextMipLevel();
 
@@ -136,8 +143,6 @@ private:
     // mip offsets to change.
     ktx::KTXDescriptorPointer _originalKtxDescriptor;
 
-    int _originalWidth { 0 };
-    int _originalHeight { 0 };
     int _width { 0 };
     int _height { 0 };
     int _maxNumPixels { ABSOLUTE_MAX_TEXTURE_NUM_PIXELS };
@@ -192,6 +197,8 @@ public:
     const gpu::FramebufferPointer& getSpectatorCameraFramebuffer(int width, int height);
     void updateSpectatorCameraNetworkTexture();
 
+    NetworkTexturePointer getTextureByUUID(const QString& uuid);
+
     static const int DEFAULT_SPECTATOR_CAM_WIDTH { 2048 };
     static const int DEFAULT_SPECTATOR_CAM_HEIGHT { 1024 };
 
diff --git a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/Procedural.h b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/Procedural.h
index ee301d0a72..39c619c687 100644
--- a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/Procedural.h
+++ b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/Procedural.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const size_t MAX_PROCEDURAL_TEXTURE_CHANNELS{ 4 };
  *     If a procedural material contains a vertex shader, the bounding box of the material entity is used to cull the object to which the material is applied.
  * @property {string} fragmentShaderURL - A link to a fragment shader.  Currently, only GLSL shaders are supported.  The shader must implement a different method depending on the version.
  *     <code>shaderUrl</code> is an alias.
- * @property {string[]} channels=[] - An array of input texture URLs.  Currently, up to 4 are supported.
+ * @property {string[]} channels=[] - An array of input texture URLs or entity IDs.  Currently, up to 4 are supported.  An entity ID may be that of an Image or Web entity.
  * @property {ProceduralUniforms} uniforms={} - A {@link ProceduralUniforms} object containing all the custom uniforms to be passed to the shader.
  */
 
@@ -212,26 +212,26 @@ public:
     ProceduralMaterial() : NetworkMaterial() { initializeProcedural(); }
     ProceduralMaterial(const NetworkMaterial& material) : NetworkMaterial(material) { initializeProcedural(); }
 
-    bool isProcedural() const override { return true; }
-    bool isEnabled() const override { return _procedural.isEnabled(); }
-    bool isReady() const override { return _procedural.isReady(); }
-    QString getProceduralString() const override { return _proceduralString; }
+    virtual bool isProcedural() const override { return true; }
+    virtual bool isEnabled() const override { return _procedural.isEnabled(); }
+    virtual bool isReady() const override { return _procedural.isReady(); }
+    virtual QString getProceduralString() const override { return _proceduralString; }
 
     void setProceduralData(const QString& data) {
         _proceduralString = data;
         _procedural.setProceduralData(ProceduralData::parse(data));
     }
-    glm::vec4 getColor(const glm::vec4& color) const { return _procedural.getColor(color); }
-    bool isFading() const { return _procedural.isFading(); }
+    virtual glm::vec4 getColor(const glm::vec4& color) const { return _procedural.getColor(color); }
+    virtual bool isFading() const { return _procedural.isFading(); }
     void setIsFading(bool isFading) { _procedural.setIsFading(isFading); }
-    uint64_t getFadeStartTime() const { return _procedural.getFadeStartTime(); }
-    bool hasVertexShader() const { return _procedural.hasVertexShader(); }
-    void prepare(gpu::Batch& batch, const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec3& size, const glm::quat& orientation,
+    virtual uint64_t getFadeStartTime() const { return _procedural.getFadeStartTime(); }
+    virtual bool hasVertexShader() const { return _procedural.hasVertexShader(); }
+    virtual void prepare(gpu::Batch& batch, const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec3& size, const glm::quat& orientation,
                  const uint64_t& created, const ProceduralProgramKey key = ProceduralProgramKey()) {
         _procedural.prepare(batch, position, size, orientation, created, key);
     }
 
-    void initializeProcedural();
+    virtual void initializeProcedural();
 
     void setBoundOperator(const std::function<AABox(RenderArgs*)>& boundOperator) { _procedural.setBoundOperator(boundOperator); }
     bool hasBoundOperator() const { return _procedural.hasBoundOperator(); }
@@ -243,4 +243,4 @@ private:
 };
 typedef std::shared_ptr<ProceduralMaterial> ProceduralMaterialPointer;
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.cpp b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.cpp
index af31418bf0..d99f74769c 100644
--- a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.cpp
+++ b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "RegisteredMetaTypes.h"
 
 #include "Procedural.h"
+#include "ReferenceMaterial.h"
 
 NetworkMaterialResource::NetworkMaterialResource(const QUrl& url) :
     Resource(url) {}
@@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ bool NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONColor(const QJsonValue& array, glm::vec3&
  * A material or set of materials used by a {@link Entities.EntityType|Material entity}.
  * @typedef {object} Entities.MaterialResource
  * @property {number} materialVersion=1 - The version of the material. <em>Currently not used.</em>
- * @property {Entities.Material|Entities.Material[]} materials - The details of the material or materials.
+ * @property {Entities.Material|Entities.Material[]|string} materials - The details of the material or materials, or the ID of another
+ *     Material entity.
  */
 NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMaterials(const QJsonDocument& materialJSON, const QUrl& baseUrl) {
     ParsedMaterials toReturn;
@@ -92,14 +94,14 @@ NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMater
                 if (materialsValue.isArray()) {
                     QJsonArray materials = materialsValue.toArray();
                     for (auto material : materials) {
-                        if (!material.isNull() && material.isObject()) {
-                            auto parsedMaterial = parseJSONMaterial(material.toObject(), baseUrl);
+                        if (!material.isNull() && (material.isObject() || material.isString())) {
+                            auto parsedMaterial = parseJSONMaterial(material, baseUrl);
                             toReturn.networkMaterials[parsedMaterial.first] = parsedMaterial.second;
                             toReturn.names.push_back(parsedMaterial.first);
                         }
                     }
-                } else if (materialsValue.isObject()) {
-                    auto parsedMaterial = parseJSONMaterial(materialsValue.toObject(), baseUrl);
+                } else if (materialsValue.isObject() || materialsValue.isString()) {
+                    auto parsedMaterial = parseJSONMaterial(materialsValue, baseUrl);
                     toReturn.networkMaterials[parsedMaterial.first] = parsedMaterial.second;
                     toReturn.names.push_back(parsedMaterial.first);
                 }
@@ -110,6 +112,17 @@ NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMater
     return toReturn;
 }
 
+NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseMaterialForUUID(const QJsonValue& entityIDJSON) {
+    ParsedMaterials toReturn;
+    if (!entityIDJSON.isNull() && entityIDJSON.isString()) {
+        auto parsedMaterial = parseJSONMaterial(entityIDJSON);
+        toReturn.networkMaterials[parsedMaterial.first] = parsedMaterial.second;
+        toReturn.names.push_back(parsedMaterial.first);
+    }
+
+    return toReturn;
+}
+
 /*@jsdoc
  * A material used in a {@link Entities.MaterialResource|MaterialResource}.
  * @typedef {object} Entities.Material
@@ -136,12 +149,14 @@ NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMater
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
  * @property {number|string} scattering - The scattering, range <code>0.0</code> &ndash; <code>1.0</code>. 
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} emissiveMap - The URL of the emissive texture image. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} albedoMap - The URL of the albedo texture image. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} opacityMap - The URL of the opacity texture image. Set the value the same as the <code>albedoMap</code> 
- *     value for transparency. 
+ * @property {string} emissiveMap - The URL of the emissive texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an
+ *     Image or Web entity.  Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below.
+ *     <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
+ * @property {string} albedoMap - The URL of the albedo texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an Image
+ *     or Web entity.  Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code>
+ *     model only.
+ * @property {string} opacityMap - The URL of the opacity texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an Image
+ *     or Web entity.  Set the value the same as the <code>albedoMap</code> value for transparency.
  *     <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
  * @property {string} opacityMapMode - The mode defining the interpretation of the opacity map. Values can be:
  *     <ul>
@@ -176,23 +191,27 @@ NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMater
  * @property {string} glossMap - The URL of the gloss texture image. You can use this or <code>roughnessMap</code>, but not 
  *     both. 
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} metallicMap - The URL of the metallic texture image. You can use this or <code>specularMap</code>, but 
- *     not both. 
+ * @property {string} metallicMap - The URL of the metallic texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an
+ *     Image or Web entity.  You can use this or <code>specularMap</code>, but not both.
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} specularMap - The URL of the specular texture image. You can use this or <code>metallicMap</code>, but 
- *     not both. 
+ * @property {string} specularMap - The URL of the specular texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an
+ *     Image or Web entity.  You can use this or <code>metallicMap</code>, but not both.
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} normalMap - The URL of the normal texture image. You can use this or <code>bumpMap</code>, but not both. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} bumpMap - The URL of the bump texture image. You can use this or <code>normalMap</code>, but not both. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} occlusionMap - The URL of the occlusion texture image. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} scatteringMap - The URL of the scattering texture image. Only used if <code>normalMap</code> or 
- *     <code>bumpMap</code> is specified. 
- *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
- * @property {string} lightMap - The URL of the light map texture image. 
+ * @property {string} normalMap - The URL of the normal texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an Image
+ *     or Web entity.  You can use this or <code>bumpMap</code>, but not both. Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall
+ *     through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
+ * @property {string} bumpMap - The URL of the bump texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an Image
+ *     or Web entity.  You can use this or <code>normalMap</code>, but not both. Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to
+ *     fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
+ * @property {string} occlusionMap - The URL of the occlusion texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of
+ *     an Image or Web entity.  Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below.
+ *     <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
+ * @property {string} scatteringMap - The URL of the scattering texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an
+ *     Image or Web entity.  Only used if <code>normalMap</code> or <code>bumpMap</code> is specified.
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
+ * @property {string} lightMap - The URL of the light map texture image, or an entity ID.  An entity ID may be that of an Image
+ *     or Web entity.  Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code>
+ *     model only.
  * @property {Mat4|string} texCoordTransform0 - The transform to use for all of the maps apart from <code>occlusionMap</code> 
  *     and <code>lightMap</code>. 
  *     Set to <code>"fallthrough"</code> to fall through to the material below. <code>"hifi_pbr"</code> model only.
@@ -210,10 +229,22 @@ NetworkMaterialResource::ParsedMaterials NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMater
  * @property {ProceduralData} procedural - The definition of a procedural shader material.  <code>"hifi_shader_simple"</code> model only.
  */
 // Note: See MaterialEntityItem.h for default values used in practice.
-std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial>> NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMaterial(const QJsonObject& materialJSON, const QUrl& baseUrl) {
+std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial>> NetworkMaterialResource::parseJSONMaterial(const QJsonValue& materialJSONValue, const QUrl& baseUrl) {
     std::string name = "";
     std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial> networkMaterial;
 
+    if (materialJSONValue.isString()) {
+        QString uuidString = materialJSONValue.toString();
+        name = uuidString.toStdString();
+        QUuid uuid = QUuid(uuidString);
+        if (!uuid.isNull()) {
+            networkMaterial = std::make_shared<ReferenceMaterial>(uuid);
+        }
+        return std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial>>(name, networkMaterial);
+    }
+
+    QJsonObject materialJSON = materialJSONValue.toObject();
+
     std::string modelString = graphics::Material::HIFI_PBR;
     auto modelJSONIter = materialJSON.find("model");
     if (modelJSONIter != materialJSON.end() && modelJSONIter.value().isString()) {
diff --git a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.h b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.h
index 0a44ccf0ef..ff0a8cf81c 100644
--- a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.h
+++ b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ProceduralMaterialCache.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ public:
     void setScatteringMap(const QUrl& url);
     void setLightMap(const QUrl& url);
 
-    bool isMissingTexture();
-    bool checkResetOpacityMap();
+    virtual bool isMissingTexture();
+    virtual bool checkResetOpacityMap();
 
     class Texture {
     public:
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ public:
     ParsedMaterials parsedMaterials;
 
     static ParsedMaterials parseJSONMaterials(const QJsonDocument& materialJSON, const QUrl& baseUrl);
-    static std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial>> parseJSONMaterial(const QJsonObject& materialJSON, const QUrl& baseUrl);
+    static ParsedMaterials parseMaterialForUUID(const QJsonValue& entityIDJSON);
+    static std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial>> parseJSONMaterial(const QJsonValue& materialJSONValue, const QUrl& baseUrl = QUrl());
 
 private:
     static bool parseJSONColor(const QJsonValue& array, glm::vec3& color, bool& isSRGB);
diff --git a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.cpp b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97211eb737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+//
+//  Created by HifiExperiments on 3/14/2021
+//  Copyright 2021 Vircadia contributors.
+//
+//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+//
+
+#include "ReferenceMaterial.h"
+
+std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer(QUuid)> ReferenceMaterial::_unboundMaterialForUUIDOperator = nullptr;
+
+ReferenceMaterial::ReferenceMaterial(QUuid uuid) :
+    graphics::ProceduralMaterial() {
+    if (_unboundMaterialForUUIDOperator) {
+        _materialForUUIDOperator = std::bind(_unboundMaterialForUUIDOperator, uuid);
+    }
+}
+
+// Material
+graphics::MaterialKey ReferenceMaterial::getKey() const {
+    return resultWithLock<graphics::MaterialKey>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getKey() : Parent::getKey();
+    });
+}
+
+glm::vec3 ReferenceMaterial::getEmissive(bool SRGB) const {
+    return resultWithLock<glm::vec3>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getEmissive(SRGB) : glm::vec3(DEFAULT_EMISSIVE);
+    });
+}
+
+float ReferenceMaterial::getOpacity() const {
+    return resultWithLock<float>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getOpacity() : DEFAULT_OPACITY;
+    });
+}
+
+graphics::MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode ReferenceMaterial::getOpacityMapMode() const {
+    return resultWithLock<graphics::MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getOpacityMapMode() : DEFAULT_OPACITY_MAP_MODE;
+    });
+}
+
+float ReferenceMaterial::getOpacityCutoff() const {
+    return resultWithLock<float>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getOpacityCutoff() : DEFAULT_OPACITY_CUTOFF;
+    });
+}
+
+graphics::MaterialKey::CullFaceMode ReferenceMaterial::getCullFaceMode() const {
+    return resultWithLock<graphics::MaterialKey::CullFaceMode>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getCullFaceMode() : DEFAULT_CULL_FACE_MODE;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isUnlit() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isUnlit() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+glm::vec3 ReferenceMaterial::getAlbedo(bool SRGB) const {
+    return resultWithLock<glm::vec3>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getAlbedo(SRGB) : glm::vec3(DEFAULT_ALBEDO);
+    });
+}
+
+float ReferenceMaterial::getMetallic() const {
+    return resultWithLock<float>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getMetallic() : DEFAULT_METALLIC;
+    });
+}
+
+float ReferenceMaterial::getRoughness() const {
+    return resultWithLock<float>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getRoughness() : DEFAULT_ROUGHNESS;
+    });
+}
+
+float ReferenceMaterial::getScattering() const {
+    return resultWithLock<float>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getScattering() : DEFAULT_SCATTERING;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::resetOpacityMap() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->resetOpacityMap() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+graphics::Material::TextureMaps ReferenceMaterial::getTextureMaps() const {
+    return resultWithLock<graphics::Material::TextureMaps>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getTextureMaps() : Parent::getTextureMaps();
+    });
+} 
+
+glm::vec2 ReferenceMaterial::getLightmapParams() const {
+    return resultWithLock<glm::vec2>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getLightmapParams() : glm::vec2(0.0f, 1.0f);
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::getDefaultFallthrough() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getDefaultFallthrough() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+// NetworkMaterial
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isMissingTexture() {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getNetworkMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isMissingTexture() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::checkResetOpacityMap() {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getNetworkMaterial();
+        return material ? material->checkResetOpacityMap() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+// ProceduralMaterial
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isProcedural() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isProcedural() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isEnabled() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isEnabled() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isReady() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isReady() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+QString ReferenceMaterial::getProceduralString() const {
+    return resultWithLock<QString>([&] {
+        auto material = getMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getProceduralString() : QString();
+    });
+}
+
+glm::vec4 ReferenceMaterial::getColor(const glm::vec4& color) const {
+    return resultWithLock<glm::vec4>([&] {
+        auto material = getProceduralMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getColor(color) : glm::vec4();
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::isFading() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getProceduralMaterial();
+        return material ? material->isFading() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+uint64_t ReferenceMaterial::getFadeStartTime() const {
+    return resultWithLock<uint64_t>([&] {
+        auto material = getProceduralMaterial();
+        return material ? material->getFadeStartTime() : 0;
+    });
+}
+
+bool ReferenceMaterial::hasVertexShader() const {
+    return resultWithLock<bool>([&] {
+        auto material = getProceduralMaterial();
+        return material ? material->hasVertexShader() : false;
+    });
+}
+
+void ReferenceMaterial::prepare(gpu::Batch& batch, const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec3& size, const glm::quat& orientation,
+                                const uint64_t& created, const ProceduralProgramKey key) {
+    withLock([&] {
+        if (auto material = getProceduralMaterial()) {
+            material->prepare(batch, position, size, orientation, created, key);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void ReferenceMaterial::initializeProcedural() {
+    withLock([&] {
+        if (auto material = getProceduralMaterial()) {
+            material->initializeProcedural();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void ReferenceMaterial::setMaterialForUUIDOperator(std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer(QUuid)> materialForUUIDOperator) {
+    _unboundMaterialForUUIDOperator = materialForUUIDOperator;
+}
+
+graphics::MaterialPointer ReferenceMaterial::getMaterial() const {
+    if (_materialForUUIDOperator) {
+        auto material = _materialForUUIDOperator();
+        return material;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial> ReferenceMaterial::getNetworkMaterial() const {
+    if (_materialForUUIDOperator) {
+        std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial> result = nullptr;
+        if (auto material = _materialForUUIDOperator()) {
+            return std::static_pointer_cast<NetworkMaterial>(material);
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+graphics::ProceduralMaterialPointer ReferenceMaterial::getProceduralMaterial() const {
+    if (_materialForUUIDOperator) {
+        auto material = _materialForUUIDOperator();
+        if (material && material->isProcedural()) {
+            return std::static_pointer_cast<graphics::ProceduralMaterial>(material);
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename F>
+inline T ReferenceMaterial::resultWithLock(F&& f) const {
+    if (_locked) {
+        return T();
+    } else {
+        _locked = true;
+        T result = f();
+        _locked = false;
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline void ReferenceMaterial::withLock(F&& f) const {
+    if (!_locked) {
+        _locked = true;
+        f();
+        _locked = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.h b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac778f94b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/procedural/src/procedural/ReferenceMaterial.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//
+//  Created by HifiExperiments on 3/14/2021
+//  Copyright 2021 Vircadia contributors.
+//
+//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Procedural.h"
+
+class ReferenceMaterial : public graphics::ProceduralMaterial {
+public:
+    using Parent = graphics::ProceduralMaterial;
+
+    ReferenceMaterial() {}
+    ReferenceMaterial(QUuid uuid);
+
+    // Material
+    graphics::MaterialKey getKey() const override;
+    glm::vec3 getEmissive(bool SRGB = true) const override;
+    float getOpacity() const override;
+    graphics::MaterialKey::OpacityMapMode getOpacityMapMode() const override;
+    float getOpacityCutoff() const override;
+    graphics::MaterialKey::CullFaceMode getCullFaceMode() const override;
+    bool isUnlit() const override;
+    glm::vec3 getAlbedo(bool SRGB = true) const override;
+    float getMetallic() const override;
+    float getRoughness() const override;
+    float getScattering() const override;
+    bool resetOpacityMap() const override;
+    graphics::Material::TextureMaps getTextureMaps() const override;
+    glm::vec2 getLightmapParams() const override;
+    bool getDefaultFallthrough() const override;
+
+    // NetworkMaterial
+    bool isMissingTexture() override;
+    bool checkResetOpacityMap() override;
+
+    // ProceduralMaterial
+    bool isProcedural() const override;
+    bool isEnabled() const override;
+    bool isReady() const override;
+    QString getProceduralString() const override;
+
+    glm::vec4 getColor(const glm::vec4& color) const override;
+    bool isFading() const override;
+    uint64_t getFadeStartTime() const override;
+    bool hasVertexShader() const override;
+    void prepare(gpu::Batch& batch, const glm::vec3& position, const glm::vec3& size, const glm::quat& orientation,
+                 const uint64_t& created, const ProceduralProgramKey key = ProceduralProgramKey()) override;
+    void initializeProcedural() override;
+
+    bool isReference() const override { return true; }
+    std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer()> getReferenceOperator() const { return _materialForUUIDOperator; }
+
+    static void setMaterialForUUIDOperator(std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer(QUuid)> materialForUUIDOperator);
+
+private:
+    static std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer(QUuid)> _unboundMaterialForUUIDOperator;
+    std::function<graphics::MaterialPointer()> _materialForUUIDOperator;
+    mutable bool _locked { false };
+
+    graphics::MaterialPointer getMaterial() const;
+    std::shared_ptr<NetworkMaterial> getNetworkMaterial() const;
+    graphics::ProceduralMaterialPointer getProceduralMaterial() const;
+
+    template <typename T, typename F>
+    T resultWithLock(F&& f) const;
+
+    template <typename F>
+    void withLock(F&& f) const;
+};
diff --git a/libraries/render-utils/src/RenderPipelines.cpp b/libraries/render-utils/src/RenderPipelines.cpp
index fe42cc1d0e..ed9fb326c4 100644
--- a/libraries/render-utils/src/RenderPipelines.cpp
+++ b/libraries/render-utils/src/RenderPipelines.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <render/DrawTask.h>
 #include <shaders/Shaders.h>
 #include <graphics/ShaderConstants.h>
+#include <procedural/ReferenceMaterial.h>
 
 #include "render-utils/ShaderConstants.h"
 #include "StencilMaskPass.h"
@@ -378,6 +379,7 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
 
     auto& drawMaterialTextures = multiMaterial.getTextureTable();
     multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(false);
+    multiMaterial.resetReferenceTexturesAndMaterials();
 
     // The total list of things we need to look for
     static std::set<uint> allFlags;
@@ -408,9 +410,13 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
         }
         materials.pop();
 
+        if (material->isReference()) {
+            multiMaterial.addReferenceMaterial(std::static_pointer_cast<ReferenceMaterial>(material)->getReferenceOperator());
+        }
+
         bool defaultFallthrough = material->getDefaultFallthrough();
-        const auto& materialKey = material->getKey();
-        const auto& textureMaps = material->getTextureMaps();
+        const auto materialKey = material->getKey();
+        const auto textureMaps = material->getTextureMaps();
 
         auto it = flagsToCheck.begin();
         while (it != flagsToCheck.end()) {
@@ -482,6 +488,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 material->resetOpacityMap();
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialAlbedo, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -501,6 +510,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialMetallic, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -518,6 +530,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialRoughness, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -535,6 +550,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialNormal, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -552,6 +570,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialOcclusion, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -569,6 +590,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialScattering, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -587,6 +611,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialEmissiveLightmap, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
@@ -607,6 +634,9 @@ void RenderPipelines::updateMultiMaterial(graphics::MultiMaterial& multiMaterial
                         if (itr != textureMaps.end()) {
                             if (itr->second->isDefined()) {
                                 drawMaterialTextures->setTexture(gr::Texture::MaterialEmissiveLightmap, itr->second->getTextureView());
+                                if (itr->second->getTextureView().isReference()) {
+                                    multiMaterial.addReferenceTexture(itr->second->getTextureView().getTextureOperator());
+                                }
                                 wasSet = true;
                             } else {
                                 multiMaterial.setTexturesLoading(true);
diff --git a/scripts/system/create/entityProperties/html/js/entityProperties.js b/scripts/system/create/entityProperties/html/js/entityProperties.js
index 253b96998f..65e14d7203 100644
--- a/scripts/system/create/entityProperties/html/js/entityProperties.js
+++ b/scripts/system/create/entityProperties/html/js/entityProperties.js
@@ -918,7 +918,6 @@ const GROUPS = [
                 label: "Material Scale",
                 type: "vec2",
                 vec2Type: "xyz",
-                min: 0,
                 step: 0.1,
                 decimals: 4,
                 subLabels: [ "x", "y" ],