//
//  ParticleSystem.cpp
//  hifi
//
//  Created by Jeffrey on July 10, 2013
//

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include "InterfaceConfig.h"
#include <SharedUtil.h>
#include "ParticleSystem.h"
#include "Application.h"

const float DEFAULT_PARTICLE_RADIUS            = 0.01f;
const float DEFAULT_PARTICLE_BOUNCE            = 1.0f;
const float DEFAULT_PARTICLE_AIR_FRICTION      = 2.0f;
const float DEFAULT_PARTICLE_LIFESPAN          = 1.0f;
const int   DEFAULT_PARTICLE_SPHERE_RESOLUTION = 6;

ParticleSystem::ParticleSystem() {

    _numEmitters  = 0;
    _numParticles = 0;
    _upDirection  = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // default
            
    for (unsigned int emitterIndex = 0; emitterIndex < MAX_EMITTERS; emitterIndex++) {
    
        _emitter[emitterIndex].position            = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        _emitter[emitterIndex].direction           = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        _emitter[emitterIndex].visible             = false;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].particleResolution  = DEFAULT_PARTICLE_SPHERE_RESOLUTION;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].particleLifespan    = DEFAULT_PARTICLE_LIFESPAN;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].showingBaseParticle = false;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].thrust              = 0.0f;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].rate                = 0.0f;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].currentParticle     = 0;
        _emitter[emitterIndex].particleRenderStyle = PARTICLE_RENDER_STYLE_SPHERE;
            
        for (int lifeStage = 0; lifeStage<NUM_PARTICLE_LIFE_STAGES; lifeStage++) {

            ParticleAttributes * a = &_emitter[emitterIndex].particleAttributes[lifeStage];

            a->radius                  = DEFAULT_PARTICLE_RADIUS;
            a->color                   = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            a->bounce                  = DEFAULT_PARTICLE_BOUNCE;
            a->airFriction             = DEFAULT_PARTICLE_AIR_FRICTION;
            a->gravity                 = 0.0f;
            a->jitter                  = 0.0f;
            a->emitterAttraction       = 0.0f;
            a->tornadoForce            = 0.0f;
            a->neighborAttraction      = 0.0f;
            a->neighborRepulsion       = 0.0f;
            a->collisionSphereRadius   = 0.0f;
            a->collisionSpherePosition = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            a->usingCollisionSphere    = false;
        }
    };  
    
    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < MAX_PARTICLES; p++) {
        _particle[p].alive            = false;
        _particle[p].age              = 0.0f;
        _particle[p].radius           = 0.0f;
        _particle[p].emitterIndex     = 0;
        _particle[p].previousParticle = -1;
        _particle[p].position         = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        _particle[p].velocity         = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    }    
}

int ParticleSystem::addEmitter() {

    _numEmitters ++;
    
    if (_numEmitters > MAX_EMITTERS) {
        return -1;
    }
    
    return _numEmitters - 1;
}


void ParticleSystem::simulate(float deltaTime) {
    
    // update particles
    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < _numParticles; p++) {
        if (_particle[p].alive) {
            if (_particle[p].age > _emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleLifespan) {
                killParticle(p);
            } else {
                updateParticle(p, deltaTime);
            }
        }
    }
}

void ParticleSystem::emitNow(int e) {

    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < _emitter[e].rate; p++) {
        createParticle(e, _emitter[e].direction);
    }
}

void ParticleSystem::createParticle(int e, glm::vec3 velocity) {
        
    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < MAX_PARTICLES; p++) {
        if (!_particle[p].alive) {
                
            _particle[p].emitterIndex     = e;    
            _particle[p].alive            = true;
            _particle[p].age              = 0.0f;
            _particle[p].velocity         = _emitter[e].direction * _emitter[e].thrust;
            _particle[p].position         = _emitter[e].position;
            _particle[p].radius           = _emitter[e].particleAttributes[0].radius;
            _particle[p].color            = _emitter[e].particleAttributes[0].color;
            
            if (( _particle[_emitter[e].currentParticle].alive) && (_particle[_emitter[e].currentParticle].emitterIndex == e )) {
                _particle[p].previousParticle = _emitter[e].currentParticle;
            } else {
                _particle[p].previousParticle = -1;
            }
            
            _emitter[e].currentParticle = p;
            
            _numParticles ++;            
                        
            assert(_numParticles <= MAX_PARTICLES);
            
            return;
        }
    }
}

void ParticleSystem::killParticle(int p) {

    assert( p >= 0);
    assert( p < MAX_PARTICLES);
    assert( _numParticles > 0);

    _particle[p].alive = false;
    _numParticles --;
}


void ParticleSystem::setParticleAttributes(int emitterIndex, ParticleAttributes attributes) {

    for (int lifeStage = 0; lifeStage < NUM_PARTICLE_LIFE_STAGES; lifeStage ++ ) {
        setParticleAttributes(emitterIndex, lifeStage, attributes);
    }
}

void ParticleSystem::setParticleAttributes(int emitterIndex, int lifeStage, ParticleAttributes attributes) {

    ParticleAttributes * a = &_emitter[emitterIndex].particleAttributes[lifeStage];
    
    a->radius                  = attributes.radius;
    a->color                   = attributes.color;
    a->bounce                  = attributes.bounce;
    a->gravity                 = attributes.gravity;
    a->airFriction             = attributes.airFriction;
    a->jitter                  = attributes.jitter;
    a->emitterAttraction       = attributes.emitterAttraction;
    a->tornadoForce            = attributes.tornadoForce;
    a->neighborAttraction      = attributes.neighborAttraction;
    a->neighborRepulsion       = attributes.neighborRepulsion;
    a->usingCollisionSphere    = attributes.usingCollisionSphere;
    a->collisionSpherePosition = attributes.collisionSpherePosition;
    a->collisionSphereRadius   = attributes.collisionSphereRadius;
}


void ParticleSystem::updateParticle(int p, float deltaTime) {

    if (_emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleLifespan > 0.0) {

        Emitter myEmitter = _emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex];

        assert(_particle[p].age <= myEmitter.particleLifespan);
        
        float ageFraction = _particle[p].age / myEmitter.particleLifespan;
            
        int lifeStage = (int)( ageFraction * (NUM_PARTICLE_LIFE_STAGES-1) );

        float lifeStageFraction = ageFraction * ( NUM_PARTICLE_LIFE_STAGES - 1 ) - lifeStage;
            

        _particle[p].radius
        = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage  ].radius * (1.0f - lifeStageFraction)
        + myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage+1].radius * lifeStageFraction;

        _particle[p].color
        = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage  ].color * (1.0f - lifeStageFraction)
        + myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage+1].color * lifeStageFraction;
            
        // apply random jitter
        float j = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].jitter;
        _particle[p].velocity += 
        glm::vec3
        (
            -j * ONE_HALF + j * randFloat(), 
            -j * ONE_HALF + j * randFloat(), 
            -j * ONE_HALF + j * randFloat()
        ) * deltaTime;
        
        // apply attraction to home position
        glm::vec3 vectorToHome = myEmitter.position - _particle[p].position;
        _particle[p].velocity += vectorToHome * myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].emitterAttraction * deltaTime;
        
        // apply neighbor attraction
        int neighbor = p + 1;
        if (neighbor == _numParticles ) {
            neighbor = 0;
        }
        
        if ( _particle[neighbor].emitterIndex == _particle[p].emitterIndex) {
            glm::vec3 vectorToNeighbor = _particle[p].position - _particle[neighbor].position;
        
            _particle[p].velocity -= vectorToNeighbor * myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].neighborAttraction * deltaTime;

            float distanceToNeighbor = glm::length(vectorToNeighbor);
            if (distanceToNeighbor > 0.0f) {
                _particle[neighbor].velocity += (vectorToNeighbor / ( 1.0f + distanceToNeighbor * distanceToNeighbor)) * myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].neighborRepulsion * deltaTime;
            }
        }
        
        // apply tornado force
        glm::vec3 tornadoDirection = glm::cross(vectorToHome, myEmitter.direction);
        _particle[p].velocity += tornadoDirection * myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].tornadoForce * deltaTime;

        // apply air friction
        float drag = 1.0 - myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].airFriction * deltaTime;
        if (drag < 0.0f) {
            _particle[p].velocity = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        } else {
            _particle[p].velocity *= drag;
        }
        
        // apply gravity
        _particle[p].velocity -= _upDirection * myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].gravity * deltaTime;       

        // update position by velocity
        _particle[p].position += _particle[p].velocity;
        
        // collision with ground
        if (_particle[p].position.y < _particle[p].radius) {
            _particle[p].position.y = _particle[p].radius;
            
            if (_particle[p].velocity.y < 0.0f) {
                _particle[p].velocity.y *= -myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].bounce;
            }
        }
        
        // collision with sphere
        if (myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].usingCollisionSphere) {
            glm::vec3 vectorToSphereCenter = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].collisionSpherePosition - _particle[p].position;
            float distanceToSphereCenter = glm::length(vectorToSphereCenter);
            float combinedRadius = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].collisionSphereRadius + _particle[p].radius;
            if (distanceToSphereCenter < combinedRadius) {
            
                if (distanceToSphereCenter > 0.0f){
                    glm::vec3 directionToSphereCenter = vectorToSphereCenter / distanceToSphereCenter;
                    _particle[p].position = myEmitter.particleAttributes[lifeStage].collisionSpherePosition - directionToSphereCenter * combinedRadius;            
                }
            }
        }
    }  

    // do this at the end...
    _particle[p].age += deltaTime;  
}


void ParticleSystem::killAllParticles() {

    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < _numParticles; p++) {
        killParticle(p);
    }
}


void ParticleSystem::render() {

    // render the emitters
    for (int e = 0; e < _numEmitters; e++) {

        if (_emitter[e].showingBaseParticle) {
            glColor4f(_particle[0].color.r, _particle[0].color.g, _particle[0].color.b, _particle[0].color.a );
            glPushMatrix();
            glTranslatef(_emitter[e].position.x, _emitter[e].position.y, _emitter[e].position.z);
            glutSolidSphere(_particle[0].radius, _emitter[e].particleResolution, _emitter[e].particleResolution);
            glPopMatrix();
        }

        if (_emitter[e].visible) {
            renderEmitter(e, 0.2f);
        }
    };  
    
    // render the particles
    for (unsigned int p = 0; p < _numParticles; p++) {
        if (_particle[p].alive) {
            if (_emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleLifespan > 0.0) {
                renderParticle(p);
            }
        }
    }
}

void ParticleSystem::renderParticle(int p) {

    glColor4f(_particle[p].color.r, _particle[p].color.g, _particle[p].color.b, _particle[p].color.a );

    if (_emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleRenderStyle == PARTICLE_RENDER_STYLE_BILLBOARD) {
        glm::vec3 cameraPosition = Application::getInstance()->getCamera()->getPosition();
        glm::vec3 viewVector = _particle[p].position - cameraPosition;
        float distance = glm::length(viewVector);
        
        if (distance >= 0.0f) {
            viewVector /= distance;
            glm::vec3 up    = glm::vec3(viewVector.y, viewVector.z, viewVector.x);
            glm::vec3 right = glm::vec3(viewVector.z, viewVector.x, viewVector.y);
            
            glm::vec3 p0 = _particle[p].position - right * _particle[p].radius - up * _particle[p].radius;
            glm::vec3 p1 = _particle[p].position + right * _particle[p].radius - up * _particle[p].radius;
            glm::vec3 p2 = _particle[p].position + right * _particle[p].radius + up * _particle[p].radius;
            glm::vec3 p3 = _particle[p].position - right * _particle[p].radius + up * _particle[p].radius;
            
            glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
            glVertex3f(p0.x, p0.y, p0.z); 
            glVertex3f(p1.x, p1.y, p1.z); 
            glVertex3f(p2.x, p2.y, p2.z); 
            glEnd();

            glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
            glVertex3f(p0.x, p0.y, p0.z); 
            glVertex3f(p2.x, p2.y, p2.z); 
            glVertex3f(p3.x, p3.y, p3.z); 
            glEnd();
        }
    } else if (_emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleRenderStyle == PARTICLE_RENDER_STYLE_SPHERE) {
        glPushMatrix();
        glTranslatef(_particle[p].position.x, _particle[p].position.y, _particle[p].position.z);
        glutSolidSphere(_particle[p].radius, _emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleResolution, _emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleResolution);
        glPopMatrix();

        if (SHOW_VELOCITY_TAILS) {
            glColor4f( _particle[p].color.x, _particle[p].color.y, _particle[p].color.z, 0.5f);
            glm::vec3 end = _particle[p].position - _particle[p].velocity * 2.0f;
            glBegin(GL_LINES);
            glVertex3f(_particle[p].position.x, _particle[p].position.y, _particle[p].position.z);
            glVertex3f(end.x, end.y, end.z);            
            glEnd();
        }
    } else if (_emitter[_particle[p].emitterIndex].particleRenderStyle == PARTICLE_RENDER_STYLE_RIBBON) {
    
        if (_particle[p].previousParticle != -1) {
            if (_particle[_particle[p].previousParticle].alive) {
            
                int pp = _particle[p].previousParticle;

                glm::vec3 v = _particle[p].position - _particle[pp].position;
                float distance = glm::length(v);
    
                if (distance > 0.0f) {
                
                    v /= distance;

                    glm::vec3 up    = glm::normalize(glm::cross(v, _upDirection));
                    glm::vec3 right = glm::normalize(glm::cross(up, v));
                    
                    right *= _particle[p].radius;
                    up    *= _particle[p].radius;
                    
                    glm::vec3 p0Left  = _particle[p ].position - right;
                    glm::vec3 p0Right = _particle[p ].position + right;
                    glm::vec3 p0Down  = _particle[p ].position - up;
                    glm::vec3 p0Up    = _particle[p ].position + up;

                    glm::vec3 ppLeft  = _particle[pp].position - right;
                    glm::vec3 ppRight = _particle[pp].position + right;
                    glm::vec3 ppDown  = _particle[pp].position - up;
                    glm::vec3 ppUp    = _particle[pp].position + up;
                                        
                    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
                    glVertex3f(p0Left.x,  p0Left.y,  p0Left.z  ); 
                    glVertex3f(p0Right.x, p0Right.y, p0Right.z ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppLeft.x,  ppLeft.y,  ppLeft.z  ); 
                    glEnd();

                    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
                    glVertex3f(p0Right.x, p0Right.y, p0Right.z ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppLeft.x,  ppLeft.y,  ppLeft.z  ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppRight.x, ppRight.y, ppRight.z ); 
                    glEnd();

                    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
                    glVertex3f(p0Up.x,   p0Up.y,   p0Up.z   ); 
                    glVertex3f(p0Down.x, p0Down.y, p0Down.z ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppDown.x, ppDown.y, ppDown.z ); 
                    glEnd();

                    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);             
                    glVertex3f(p0Up.x,   p0Up.y,   p0Up.z ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppUp.x, ppUp.y, ppUp.z ); 
                    glVertex3f(ppDown.x, ppDown.y, ppDown.z ); 
                    glEnd();
                }            
            }                        
        }
    }
}


void ParticleSystem::renderEmitter(int e, float size) {

    glLineWidth(2.0f);
    glColor3f(0.4f, 0.4, 0.8);
    glBegin(GL_LINES);
    glVertex3f(_emitter[e].position.x, _emitter[e].position.y, _emitter[e].position.z);
    glVertex3f(_emitter[e].position.x + _emitter[e].direction.x, _emitter[e].position.y + _emitter[e].direction.y, _emitter[e].position.z + _emitter[e].direction.z);
    glEnd();
}