//
//  ResourceCache.h
//  libraries/shared/src
//
//  Created by Andrzej Kapolka on 2/27/14.
//  Copyright 2014 High Fidelity, Inc.
//
//  Distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
//  See the accompanying file LICENSE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
//

#ifndef hifi_ResourceCache_h
#define hifi_ResourceCache_h

#include <atomic>
#include <mutex>

#include <QtCore/QHash>
#include <QtCore/QList>
#include <QtCore/QObject>
#include <QtCore/QPointer>
#include <QtCore/QSharedPointer>
#include <QtCore/QUrl>
#include <QtCore/QWeakPointer>
#include <QtCore/QReadWriteLock>
#include <QtCore/QQueue>

#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkReply>
#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkRequest>

#include <QScriptEngine>

#include <DependencyManager.h>

#include "ResourceManager.h"

Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(size_t)

class QNetworkReply;
class QTimer;

class Resource;

static const qint64 BYTES_PER_MEGABYTES = 1024 * 1024;
static const qint64 BYTES_PER_GIGABYTES = 1024 * BYTES_PER_MEGABYTES;
static const qint64 MAXIMUM_CACHE_SIZE = 10 * BYTES_PER_GIGABYTES;  // 10GB

// Windows can have troubles allocating that much memory in ram sometimes
// so default cache size at 100 MB on windows (1GB otherwise)
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN32
static const qint64 DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE = 100 * BYTES_PER_MEGABYTES;
#else
static const qint64 DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE = 1024 * BYTES_PER_MEGABYTES;
#endif
static const qint64 MIN_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE = 0;
static const qint64 MAX_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE = MAXIMUM_CACHE_SIZE;

// We need to make sure that these items are available for all instances of
// ResourceCache derived classes. Since we can't count on the ordering of
// static members destruction, we need to use this Dependency manager implemented
// object instead
class ResourceCacheSharedItems : public Dependency  {
    SINGLETON_DEPENDENCY

    using Mutex = std::mutex;
    using Lock = std::unique_lock<Mutex>;

public:
    void appendPendingRequest(QWeakPointer<Resource> newRequest);
    void appendActiveRequest(QWeakPointer<Resource> newRequest);
    void removeRequest(QWeakPointer<Resource> doneRequest);
    QList<QSharedPointer<Resource>> getPendingRequests();
    uint32_t getPendingRequestsCount() const;
    QList<QSharedPointer<Resource>> getLoadingRequests();
    QSharedPointer<Resource> getHighestPendingRequest();
    uint32_t getLoadingRequestsCount() const;

private:
    ResourceCacheSharedItems() = default;

    mutable Mutex _mutex;
    QList<QWeakPointer<Resource>> _pendingRequests;
    QList<QWeakPointer<Resource>> _loadingRequests;
};

/// Wrapper to expose resources to JS/QML
class ScriptableResource : public QObject {


    /**jsdoc
     * @constructor Resource
     * @property {string} url - URL of this resource.
     * @property {Resource.State} state - Current loading state.
     */

    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(QUrl url READ getURL)
    Q_PROPERTY(int state READ getState NOTIFY stateChanged)


public:

    /**jsdoc
     * @name Resource.State
     * @static
     * @property {number} QUEUED - The resource is queued up, waiting to be loaded.
     * @property {number} LOADING - The resource is downloading.
     * @property {number} LOADED - The resource has finished downloaded by is not complete.
     * @property {number} FINISHED - The resource has completely finished loading and is ready.
     * @property {number} FAILED - Downloading the resource has failed.
     */

    enum State {
        QUEUED,
        LOADING,
        LOADED,
        FINISHED,
        FAILED,
    };
    Q_ENUM(State)

    ScriptableResource(const QUrl& url);
    virtual ~ScriptableResource() = default;

    /**jsdoc
     * Release this resource.
     * @function Resource#release
     */
    Q_INVOKABLE void release();

    const QUrl& getURL() const { return _url; }
    int getState() const { return (int)_state; }
    const QSharedPointer<Resource>& getResource() const { return _resource; }

    bool isInScript() const;
    void setInScript(bool isInScript);

signals:

    /**jsdoc
     * Triggered when download progress for this resource has changed.
     * @function Resource#progressChanged
     * @param {number} bytesReceived - Byytes downloaded so far.
     * @param {number} bytesTotal - Total number of bytes in the resource.
     * @returns {Signal}
     */
    void progressChanged(uint64_t bytesReceived, uint64_t bytesTotal);

    /**jsdoc
     * Triggered when resource loading state has changed.
     * @function Resource#stateChanged
     * @param {Resource.State} state - New state.
     * @returns {Signal}
     */
    void stateChanged(int state);

protected:
    void setState(State state) { _state = state; emit stateChanged(_state); }

private slots:
    void loadingChanged();
    void loadedChanged();
    void finished(bool success);

private:
    void disconnectHelper();

    friend class ResourceCache;

    // Holds a ref to the resource to keep it in scope
    QSharedPointer<Resource> _resource;

    QMetaObject::Connection _progressConnection;
    QMetaObject::Connection _loadingConnection;
    QMetaObject::Connection _loadedConnection;
    QMetaObject::Connection _finishedConnection;

    QUrl _url;
    State _state{ QUEUED };
};

Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(ScriptableResource*);

/// Base class for resource caches.
class ResourceCache : public QObject {
    Q_OBJECT

    // JSDoc 3.5.5 doesn't augment namespaces with @property or @function definitions.
    // The ResourceCache properties and functions are copied to the different exposed cache classes.

    /**jsdoc
     * @property {number} numTotal - Total number of total resources. <em>Read-only.</em>
     * @property {number} numCached - Total number of cached resource. <em>Read-only.</em>
     * @property {number} sizeTotal - Size in bytes of all resources. <em>Read-only.</em>
     * @property {number} sizeCached - Size in bytes of all cached resources. <em>Read-only.</em>
     */
    Q_PROPERTY(size_t numTotal READ getNumTotalResources NOTIFY dirty)
    Q_PROPERTY(size_t numCached READ getNumCachedResources NOTIFY dirty)
    Q_PROPERTY(size_t sizeTotal READ getSizeTotalResources NOTIFY dirty)
    Q_PROPERTY(size_t sizeCached READ getSizeCachedResources NOTIFY dirty)

public:

    size_t getNumTotalResources() const { return _numTotalResources; }
    size_t getSizeTotalResources() const { return _totalResourcesSize; }
    size_t getNumCachedResources() const { return _numUnusedResources; }
    size_t getSizeCachedResources() const { return _unusedResourcesSize; }

    /**jsdoc
     * Get the list of all resource URLs.
     * @function ResourceCache.getResourceList
     * @return {string[]}
     */
    Q_INVOKABLE QVariantList getResourceList();

    static void setRequestLimit(int limit);
    static int getRequestLimit() { return _requestLimit; }

    static int getRequestsActive() { return _requestsActive; }
    
    void setUnusedResourceCacheSize(qint64 unusedResourcesMaxSize);
    qint64 getUnusedResourceCacheSize() const { return _unusedResourcesMaxSize; }

    static QList<QSharedPointer<Resource>> getLoadingRequests();

    static int getPendingRequestCount();

    static int getLoadingRequestCount();

    ResourceCache(QObject* parent = nullptr);
    virtual ~ResourceCache();
    
    void refreshAll();
    void refresh(const QUrl& url);
    void clearUnusedResources();

signals:

    /**jsdoc
     * @function ResourceCache.dirty
     * @returns {Signal}
     */
    void dirty();

protected slots:

    /**jsdoc
     * @function ResourceCache.updateTotalSize
     * @param {number} deltaSize
     */
    void updateTotalSize(const qint64& deltaSize);

    /**jsdoc
     * @function ResourceCache.prefetch
     * @param {string} url
     * @param {object} extra
     * @returns {object}
     */
    // Prefetches a resource to be held by the QScriptEngine.
    // Left as a protected member so subclasses can overload prefetch
    // and delegate to it (see TextureCache::prefetch(const QUrl&, int).
    ScriptableResource* prefetch(const QUrl& url, void* extra);

    /**jsdoc
     * Asynchronously loads a resource from the specified URL and returns it.
     * @function ResourceCache.getResource
     * @param {string} url - URL of the resource to load.
     * @param {string} [fallback=""] - Fallback URL if load of the desired URL fails.
     * @param {} [extra=null]
     * @return {Resource}
     */
    /// Loads a resource from the specified URL and returns it.
    /// If the caller is on a different thread than the ResourceCache,
    /// returns an empty smart pointer and loads its asynchronously.
    /// \param fallback a fallback URL to load if the desired one is unavailable
    /// \param extra extra data to pass to the creator, if appropriate
    QSharedPointer<Resource> getResource(const QUrl& url, const QUrl& fallback = QUrl(),
        void* extra = NULL);

private slots:
    void clearATPAssets();

protected:
    // Prefetches a resource to be held by the QScriptEngine.
    // Pointers created through this method should be owned by the caller,
    // which should be a QScriptEngine with ScriptableResource registered, so that
    // the QScriptEngine will delete the pointer when it is garbage collected.
    /**jsdoc
     * Prefetches a resource.
     * @function ResourceCache.prefetch
     * @param {string} url - URL of the resource to prefetch.
     * @return {Resource}
     */
    Q_INVOKABLE ScriptableResource* prefetch(const QUrl& url) { return prefetch(url, nullptr); }

    /// Creates a new resource.
    virtual QSharedPointer<Resource> createResource(const QUrl& url, const QSharedPointer<Resource>& fallback,
                                                    const void* extra) = 0;

    void addUnusedResource(const QSharedPointer<Resource>& resource);
    void removeUnusedResource(const QSharedPointer<Resource>& resource);

    /// Attempt to load a resource if requests are below the limit, otherwise queue the resource for loading
    /// \return true if the resource began loading, otherwise false if the resource is in the pending queue
    static bool attemptRequest(QSharedPointer<Resource> resource);
    static void requestCompleted(QWeakPointer<Resource> resource);
    static bool attemptHighestPriorityRequest();

private:
    friend class Resource;

    void reserveUnusedResource(qint64 resourceSize);
    void resetResourceCounters();
    void removeResource(const QUrl& url, qint64 size = 0);

    static int _requestLimit;
    static int _requestsActive;

    // Resources
    QHash<QUrl, QWeakPointer<Resource>> _resources;
    QReadWriteLock _resourcesLock { QReadWriteLock::Recursive };
    int _lastLRUKey = 0;

    std::atomic<size_t> _numTotalResources { 0 };
    std::atomic<qint64> _totalResourcesSize { 0 };

    // Cached resources
    QMap<int, QSharedPointer<Resource>> _unusedResources;
    QReadWriteLock _unusedResourcesLock { QReadWriteLock::Recursive };
    qint64 _unusedResourcesMaxSize = DEFAULT_UNUSED_MAX_SIZE;

    std::atomic<size_t> _numUnusedResources { 0 };
    std::atomic<qint64> _unusedResourcesSize { 0 };

    // Pending resources
    QQueue<QUrl> _resourcesToBeGotten;
    QReadWriteLock _resourcesToBeGottenLock { QReadWriteLock::Recursive };
};

/// Base class for resources.
class Resource : public QObject {
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    
    Resource(const QUrl& url);
    virtual ~Resource();

    virtual QString getType() const { return "Resource"; }
    
    /// Returns the key last used to identify this resource in the unused map.
    int getLRUKey() const { return _lruKey; }

    /// Makes sure that the resource has started loading.
    void ensureLoading();

    /// Sets the load priority for one owner.
    virtual void setLoadPriority(const QPointer<QObject>& owner, float priority);
    
    /// Sets a set of priorities at once.
    virtual void setLoadPriorities(const QHash<QPointer<QObject>, float>& priorities);
    
    /// Clears the load priority for one owner.
    virtual void clearLoadPriority(const QPointer<QObject>& owner);
    
    /// Returns the highest load priority across all owners.
    float getLoadPriority();

    /// Checks whether the resource has loaded.
    virtual bool isLoaded() const { return _loaded; }

    /// Checks whether the resource has failed to download.
    virtual bool isFailed() const { return _failedToLoad; }

    /// For loading resources, returns the number of bytes received.
    qint64 getBytesReceived() const { return _bytesReceived; }
    
    /// For loading resources, returns the number of total bytes (<= zero if unknown).
    qint64 getBytesTotal() const { return _bytesTotal; }

    /// For loaded resources, returns the number of actual bytes (defaults to total bytes if not explicitly set).
    qint64 getBytes() const { return _bytes; }

    /// For loading resources, returns the load progress.
    float getProgress() const { return (_bytesTotal <= 0) ? 0.0f : (float)_bytesReceived / _bytesTotal; }
    
    /// Refreshes the resource.
    virtual void refresh();

    void setSelf(const QWeakPointer<Resource>& self) { _self = self; }

    void setCache(ResourceCache* cache) { _cache = cache; }

    virtual void deleter() { allReferencesCleared(); }
    
    const QUrl& getURL() const { return _url; }

    unsigned int getDownloadAttempts() { return _attempts; }
    unsigned int getDownloadAttemptsRemaining() { return _attemptsRemaining; }

signals:
    /// Fired when the resource begins downloading.
    void loading();

    /// Fired when the resource has been downloaded.
    /// This can be used instead of downloadFinished to access data before it is processed.
    void loaded(const QByteArray request);

    /// Fired when the resource has finished loading.
    void finished(bool success);

    /// Fired when the resource failed to load.
    void failed(QNetworkReply::NetworkError error);

    /// Fired when the resource is refreshed.
    void onRefresh();

    /// Fired on progress updates.
    void onProgress(uint64_t bytesReceived, uint64_t bytesTotal);

    /// Fired when the size changes (through setSize).
    void updateSize(qint64 deltaSize);

protected slots:
    void attemptRequest();

protected:
    virtual void init(bool resetLoaded = true);

    /// Called by ResourceCache to begin loading this Resource.
    /// This method can be overriden to provide custom request functionality. If this is done,
    /// downloadFinished and ResourceCache::requestCompleted must be called.
    virtual void makeRequest();

    /// Checks whether the resource is cacheable.
    virtual bool isCacheable() const { return true; }

    /// Called when the download has finished.
    /// This should be overridden by subclasses that need to process the data once it is downloaded.
    virtual void downloadFinished(const QByteArray& data) { finishedLoading(true); }

    /// Called when the download is finished and processed, sets the number of actual bytes.
    void setSize(const qint64& bytes);

    /// Called when the download is finished and processed.
    /// This should be called by subclasses that override downloadFinished to mark the end of processing.
    Q_INVOKABLE void finishedLoading(bool success);

    Q_INVOKABLE void allReferencesCleared();

    /// Return true if the resource will be retried
    virtual bool handleFailedRequest(ResourceRequest::Result result);

    QUrl _url;
    QUrl _effectiveBaseURL{ _url };
    QUrl _activeUrl;
    ByteRange _requestByteRange;
    bool _shouldFailOnRedirect { false };

    // _loaded == true means we are in a loaded and usable state. It is possible that there may still be
    // active requests/loading while in this state. Example: Progressive KTX downloads, where higher resolution
    // mips are being download.
    bool _startedLoading = false;
    bool _failedToLoad = false;
    bool _loaded = false;

    QHash<QPointer<QObject>, float> _loadPriorities;
    QWeakPointer<Resource> _self;
    QPointer<ResourceCache> _cache;

    qint64 _bytesReceived{ 0 };
    qint64 _bytesTotal{ 0 };
    qint64 _bytes{ 0 };

    int _requestID;
    ResourceRequest* _request{ nullptr };

public slots:
    void handleDownloadProgress(uint64_t bytesReceived, uint64_t bytesTotal);
    void handleReplyFinished();

private:
    friend class ResourceCache;
    friend class ScriptableResource;
    
    void setLRUKey(int lruKey) { _lruKey = lruKey; }
    
    void retry();
    void reinsert();

    bool isInScript() const { return _isInScript; }
    void setInScript(bool isInScript) { _isInScript = isInScript; }
    
    int _lruKey{ 0 };
    QTimer* _replyTimer{ nullptr };
    unsigned int _attempts{ 0 };
    static const int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 8;
    unsigned int _attemptsRemaining { MAX_ATTEMPTS };
    bool _isInScript{ false };
};

uint qHash(const QPointer<QObject>& value, uint seed = 0);

#endif // hifi_ResourceCache_h