diff --git a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.cpp b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.cpp
index 6c01e6e02b..f524c071ec 100644
--- a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.cpp
+++ b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 
 #include "AvatarMixerClientData.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <udt/PacketHeaders.h>
 
 #include <DependencyManager.h>
@@ -219,10 +218,6 @@ uint16_t AvatarMixerClientData::getLastBroadcastSequenceNumber(const QUuid& node
 }
 
 void AvatarMixerClientData::ignoreOther(SharedNodePointer self, SharedNodePointer other) {
-    ignoreOther(self.data(), other.data());
-}
-
-void AvatarMixerClientData::ignoreOther(const Node* self, const Node* other) {
     if (!isRadiusIgnoring(other->getUUID())) {
         addToRadiusIgnoringSet(other->getUUID());
         auto killPacket = NLPacket::create(PacketType::KillAvatar, NUM_BYTES_RFC4122_UUID + sizeof(KillAvatarReason), true);
@@ -240,20 +235,9 @@ void AvatarMixerClientData::ignoreOther(const Node* self, const Node* other) {
     }
 }
 
-bool AvatarMixerClientData::isRadiusIgnoring(const QUuid& other) const {
-    return std::find(_radiusIgnoredOthers.cbegin(), _radiusIgnoredOthers.cend(), other) != _radiusIgnoredOthers.cend();
-}
-
-void AvatarMixerClientData::addToRadiusIgnoringSet(const QUuid& other) {
-    if (!isRadiusIgnoring(other)) {
-        _radiusIgnoredOthers.push_back(other);
-    }
-}
-
-void AvatarMixerClientData::removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(const QUuid& other) {
-    auto ignoredOtherIter = std::find(_radiusIgnoredOthers.cbegin(), _radiusIgnoredOthers.cend(), other);
-    if (ignoredOtherIter != _radiusIgnoredOthers.cend()) {
-        _radiusIgnoredOthers.erase(ignoredOtherIter);
+void AvatarMixerClientData::removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(SharedNodePointer self, const QUuid& other) {
+    if (isRadiusIgnoring(other)) {
+        _radiusIgnoredOthers.erase(other);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.h b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.h
index d38a90ef1f..a892455fe3 100644
--- a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.h
+++ b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerClientData.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cfloat>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <queue>
 
 #include <QtCore/QJsonObject>
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ public:
 
     int parseData(ReceivedMessage& message) override;
     AvatarData& getAvatar() { return *_avatar; }
-    const AvatarData& getAvatar() const { return *_avatar; }
     const AvatarData* getConstAvatarData() const { return _avatar.get(); }
     AvatarSharedPointer getAvatarSharedPointer() const { return _avatar; }
 
@@ -91,11 +90,11 @@ public:
     void loadJSONStats(QJsonObject& jsonObject) const;
 
     glm::vec3 getPosition() const { return _avatar ? _avatar->getWorldPosition() : glm::vec3(0); }
-    bool isRadiusIgnoring(const QUuid& other) const;
-    void addToRadiusIgnoringSet(const QUuid& other);
-    void removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(const QUuid& other);
+    glm::vec3 getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner() const { return _avatar ? _avatar->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner() : glm::vec3(0); }
+    bool isRadiusIgnoring(const QUuid& other) const { return _radiusIgnoredOthers.find(other) != _radiusIgnoredOthers.end(); }
+    void addToRadiusIgnoringSet(const QUuid& other) { _radiusIgnoredOthers.insert(other); }
+    void removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(SharedNodePointer self, const QUuid& other);
     void ignoreOther(SharedNodePointer self, SharedNodePointer other);
-    void ignoreOther(const Node* self, const Node* other);
 
     void readViewFrustumPacket(const QByteArray& message);
 
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ private:
     int _numOutOfOrderSends = 0;
 
     SimpleMovingAverage _avgOtherAvatarDataRate;
-    std::vector<QUuid> _radiusIgnoredOthers;
+    std::unordered_set<QUuid> _radiusIgnoredOthers;
     ConicalViewFrustums _currentViewFrustums;
 
     int _recentOtherAvatarsInView { 0 };
diff --git a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerSlave.cpp b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerSlave.cpp
index 7368db0c31..c434d82116 100644
--- a/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerSlave.cpp
+++ b/assignment-client/src/avatars/AvatarMixerSlave.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <random>
-#include <chrono>
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtx/norm.hpp>
@@ -34,8 +33,6 @@
 #include "AvatarMixer.h"
 #include "AvatarMixerClientData.h"
 
-namespace chrono = std::chrono;
-
 void AvatarMixerSlave::configure(ConstIter begin, ConstIter end) {
     _begin = begin;
     _end = end;
@@ -212,18 +209,7 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarData(const SharedNodePointer& node) {
     _stats.jobElapsedTime += (end - start);
 }
 
-AABox computeBubbleBox(const AvatarData& avatar, float bubbleExpansionFactor) {
-    AABox box = avatar.getGlobalBoundingBox();
-    glm::vec3 scale = box.getScale();
-    scale *= bubbleExpansionFactor;
-    const glm::vec3 MIN_BUBBLE_SCALE(0.3f, 1.3f, 0.3);
-    scale = glm::max(scale, MIN_BUBBLE_SCALE);
-    box.setScaleStayCentered(glm::max(scale, MIN_BUBBLE_SCALE));
-    return box;
-}
-
 void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node) {
-    const Node* destinationNode = node.data();
 
     auto nodeList = DependencyManager::get<NodeList>();
 
@@ -234,7 +220,7 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
 
     _stats.nodesBroadcastedTo++;
 
-    AvatarMixerClientData* nodeData = reinterpret_cast<AvatarMixerClientData*>(destinationNode->getLinkedData());
+    AvatarMixerClientData* nodeData = reinterpret_cast<AvatarMixerClientData*>(node->getLinkedData());
 
     nodeData->resetInViewStats();
 
@@ -256,8 +242,12 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
     int traitBytesSent = 0;
 
     // max number of avatarBytes per frame
-    int maxAvatarBytesPerFrame = int(_maxKbpsPerNode * BYTES_PER_KILOBIT / AVATAR_MIXER_BROADCAST_FRAMES_PER_SECOND);
+    auto maxAvatarBytesPerFrame = (_maxKbpsPerNode * BYTES_PER_KILOBIT) / AVATAR_MIXER_BROADCAST_FRAMES_PER_SECOND;
 
+    // FIXME - find a way to not send the sessionID for every avatar
+    int minimumBytesPerAvatar = AvatarDataPacket::AVATAR_HAS_FLAGS_SIZE + NUM_BYTES_RFC4122_UUID;
+
+    int overBudgetAvatars = 0;
 
     // keep track of the number of other avatars held back in this frame
     int numAvatarsHeldBack = 0;
@@ -270,38 +260,66 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
     bool PALIsOpen = nodeData->getRequestsDomainListData();
 
     // When this is true, the AvatarMixer will send Avatar data to a client about avatars that have ignored them
-    bool getsAnyIgnored = PALIsOpen && destinationNode->getCanKick();
+    bool getsAnyIgnored = PALIsOpen && node->getCanKick();
 
-    // Bandwidth allowance for data that must be sent.
-    int minimumBytesPerAvatar = PALIsOpen ? AvatarDataPacket::AVATAR_HAS_FLAGS_SIZE + NUM_BYTES_RFC4122_UUID +
-        sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarGlobalPosition) + sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AudioLoudness) : 0;
+    if (PALIsOpen) {
+        // Increase minimumBytesPerAvatar if the PAL is open
+        minimumBytesPerAvatar += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarGlobalPosition) +
+        sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AudioLoudness);
+    }
 
     // setup a PacketList for the avatarPackets
     auto avatarPacketList = NLPacketList::create(PacketType::BulkAvatarData);
-    static auto maxAvatarDataBytes = avatarPacketList->getMaxSegmentSize() - NUM_BYTES_RFC4122_UUID;
 
-    // compute node bounding box
-    const float MY_AVATAR_BUBBLE_EXPANSION_FACTOR = 4.0f; // magic number determined emperically
-    AABox nodeBox = computeBubbleBox(avatar, MY_AVATAR_BUBBLE_EXPANSION_FACTOR);
+    // Define the minimum bubble size
+    static const glm::vec3 minBubbleSize = avatar.getSensorToWorldScale() * glm::vec3(0.3f, 1.3f, 0.3f);
+    // Define the scale of the box for the current node
+    glm::vec3 nodeBoxScale = (nodeData->getPosition() - nodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner()) * 2.0f * avatar.getSensorToWorldScale();
+    // Set up the bounding box for the current node
+    AABox nodeBox(nodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner(), nodeBoxScale);
+    // Clamp the size of the bounding box to a minimum scale
+    if (glm::any(glm::lessThan(nodeBoxScale, minBubbleSize))) {
+        nodeBox.setScaleStayCentered(minBubbleSize);
+    }
+    // Quadruple the scale of both bounding boxes
+    nodeBox.embiggen(4.0f);
+
+
+    // setup list of AvatarData as well as maps to map betweeen the AvatarData and the original nodes
+    std::vector<AvatarSharedPointer> avatarsToSort;
+    std::unordered_map<AvatarSharedPointer, SharedNodePointer> avatarDataToNodes;
+    std::unordered_map<QUuid, uint64_t> avatarEncodeTimes;
+    std::for_each(_begin, _end, [&](const SharedNodePointer& otherNode) {
+        // make sure this is an agent that we have avatar data for before considering it for inclusion
+        if (otherNode->getType() == NodeType::Agent
+            && otherNode->getLinkedData()) {
+            const AvatarMixerClientData* otherNodeData = reinterpret_cast<const AvatarMixerClientData*>(otherNode->getLinkedData());
+
+            AvatarSharedPointer otherAvatar = otherNodeData->getAvatarSharedPointer();
+            avatarsToSort.push_back(otherAvatar);
+            avatarDataToNodes[otherAvatar] = otherNode;
+            QUuid id = otherAvatar->getSessionUUID();
+            avatarEncodeTimes[id] = nodeData->getLastOtherAvatarEncodeTime(id);
+        }
+    });
 
     class SortableAvatar: public PrioritySortUtil::Sortable {
     public:
         SortableAvatar() = delete;
-        SortableAvatar(const AvatarData* avatar, const Node* avatarNode, uint64_t lastEncodeTime)
-            : _avatar(avatar), _node(avatarNode), _lastEncodeTime(lastEncodeTime) {}
-        glm::vec3 getPosition() const override { return _avatar->getClientGlobalPosition(); }
+        SortableAvatar(const AvatarSharedPointer& avatar, uint64_t lastEncodeTime)
+            : _avatar(avatar), _lastEncodeTime(lastEncodeTime) {}
+        glm::vec3 getPosition() const override { return _avatar->getWorldPosition(); }
         float getRadius() const override {
-            glm::vec3 nodeBoxScale = _avatar->getGlobalBoundingBox().getScale();
-            return 0.5f * glm::max(nodeBoxScale.x, glm::max(nodeBoxScale.y, nodeBoxScale.z));
+            glm::vec3 nodeBoxHalfScale = (_avatar->getWorldPosition() - _avatar->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner() * _avatar->getSensorToWorldScale());
+            return glm::max(nodeBoxHalfScale.x, glm::max(nodeBoxHalfScale.y, nodeBoxHalfScale.z));
         }
         uint64_t getTimestamp() const override {
             return _lastEncodeTime;
         }
-        const Node* getNode() const { return _node; }
+        AvatarSharedPointer getAvatar() const { return _avatar; }
 
     private:
-        const AvatarData* _avatar;
-        const Node* _node;
+        AvatarSharedPointer _avatar;
         uint64_t _lastEncodeTime;
     };
 
@@ -311,18 +329,16 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
             AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientSize,
             AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientCenter,
             AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientAge);
-    sortedAvatars.reserve(_end - _begin);
+    sortedAvatars.reserve(avatarsToSort.size());
 
-    for (auto listedNode = _begin; listedNode != _end; ++listedNode) {
-        Node* otherNodeRaw = (*listedNode).data();
-        if (otherNodeRaw->getType() != NodeType::Agent
-            || !otherNodeRaw->getLinkedData()
-            || otherNodeRaw == destinationNode) {
+    // ignore or sort
+    const AvatarSharedPointer& thisAvatar = nodeData->getAvatarSharedPointer();
+    for (const auto& avatar : avatarsToSort) {
+        if (avatar == thisAvatar) {
+            // don't echo updates to self
             continue;
         }
 
-        auto avatarNode = otherNodeRaw;
-
         bool shouldIgnore = false;
         // We ignore other nodes for a couple of reasons:
         //   1) ignore bubbles and ignore specific node
@@ -330,39 +346,53 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
         //      happen if for example the avatar is connected on a desktop and sending
         //      updates at ~30hz. So every 3 frames we skip a frame.
 
+        auto avatarNode = avatarDataToNodes[avatar];
         assert(avatarNode); // we can't have gotten here without the avatarData being a valid key in the map
 
-        const AvatarMixerClientData* avatarClientNodeData = reinterpret_cast<const AvatarMixerClientData*>(avatarNode->getLinkedData());
-        assert(avatarClientNodeData); // we can't have gotten here without avatarNode having valid data
+        const AvatarMixerClientData* avatarNodeData = reinterpret_cast<const AvatarMixerClientData*>(avatarNode->getLinkedData());
+        assert(avatarNodeData); // we can't have gotten here without avatarNode having valid data
         quint64 startIgnoreCalculation = usecTimestampNow();
 
         // make sure we have data for this avatar, that it isn't the same node,
         // and isn't an avatar that the viewing node has ignored
         // or that has ignored the viewing node
-        if ((destinationNode->isIgnoringNodeWithID(avatarNode->getUUID()) && !PALIsOpen)
-            || (avatarNode->isIgnoringNodeWithID(destinationNode->getUUID()) && !getsAnyIgnored)) {
+        if (!avatarNode->getLinkedData()
+            || avatarNode->getUUID() == node->getUUID()
+            || (node->isIgnoringNodeWithID(avatarNode->getUUID()) && !PALIsOpen)
+            || (avatarNode->isIgnoringNodeWithID(node->getUUID()) && !getsAnyIgnored)) {
             shouldIgnore = true;
         } else {
             // Check to see if the space bubble is enabled
             // Don't bother with these checks if the other avatar has their bubble enabled and we're gettingAnyIgnored
-            if (destinationNode->isIgnoreRadiusEnabled() || (avatarNode->isIgnoreRadiusEnabled() && !getsAnyIgnored)) {
+            if (node->isIgnoreRadiusEnabled() || (avatarNode->isIgnoreRadiusEnabled() && !getsAnyIgnored)) {
+                float sensorToWorldScale = avatarNodeData->getAvatarSharedPointer()->getSensorToWorldScale();
+                // Define the scale of the box for the current other node
+                glm::vec3 otherNodeBoxScale = (avatarNodeData->getPosition() - avatarNodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner()) * 2.0f * sensorToWorldScale;
+                // Set up the bounding box for the current other node
+                AABox otherNodeBox(avatarNodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner(), otherNodeBoxScale);
+                // Clamp the size of the bounding box to a minimum scale
+                if (glm::any(glm::lessThan(otherNodeBoxScale, minBubbleSize))) {
+                    otherNodeBox.setScaleStayCentered(minBubbleSize);
+                }
+                // Change the scale of both bounding boxes
+                // (This is an arbitrary number determined empirically)
+                otherNodeBox.embiggen(2.4f);
+
                 // Perform the collision check between the two bounding boxes
-                const float OTHER_AVATAR_BUBBLE_EXPANSION_FACTOR = 2.4f; // magic number determined empirically
-                AABox otherNodeBox = computeBubbleBox(avatarClientNodeData->getAvatar(), OTHER_AVATAR_BUBBLE_EXPANSION_FACTOR);
                 if (nodeBox.touches(otherNodeBox)) {
-                    nodeData->ignoreOther(destinationNode, avatarNode);
+                    nodeData->ignoreOther(node, avatarNode);
                     shouldIgnore = !getsAnyIgnored;
                 }
             }
             // Not close enough to ignore
             if (!shouldIgnore) {
-                nodeData->removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(avatarNode->getUUID());
+                nodeData->removeFromRadiusIgnoringSet(node, avatarNode->getUUID());
             }
         }
 
         if (!shouldIgnore) {
             AvatarDataSequenceNumber lastSeqToReceiver = nodeData->getLastBroadcastSequenceNumber(avatarNode->getUUID());
-            AvatarDataSequenceNumber lastSeqFromSender = avatarClientNodeData->getLastReceivedSequenceNumber();
+            AvatarDataSequenceNumber lastSeqFromSender = avatarNodeData->getLastReceivedSequenceNumber();
 
             // FIXME - This code does appear to be working. But it seems brittle.
             //         It supports determining if the frame of data for this "other"
@@ -387,10 +417,12 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
 
         if (!shouldIgnore) {
             // sort this one for later
-            const AvatarData* avatarNodeData = avatarClientNodeData->getConstAvatarData();
-            auto lastEncodeTime = nodeData->getLastOtherAvatarEncodeTime(avatarNodeData->getSessionUUID());
-
-            sortedAvatars.push(SortableAvatar(avatarNodeData, avatarNode, lastEncodeTime));
+            uint64_t lastEncodeTime = 0;
+            std::unordered_map<QUuid, uint64_t>::const_iterator itr = avatarEncodeTimes.find(avatar->getSessionUUID());
+            if (itr != avatarEncodeTimes.end()) {
+                lastEncodeTime = itr->second;
+            }
+            sortedAvatars.push(SortableAvatar(avatar, lastEncodeTime));
         }
     }
 
@@ -398,31 +430,19 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
 
     int remainingAvatars = (int)sortedAvatars.size();
     auto traitsPacketList = NLPacketList::create(PacketType::BulkAvatarTraits, QByteArray(), true, true);
-
     const auto& sortedAvatarVector = sortedAvatars.getSortedVector();
     for (const auto& sortedAvatar : sortedAvatarVector) {
-        const Node* otherNode = sortedAvatar.getNode();
-        auto lastEncodeForOther = sortedAvatar.getTimestamp();
+        const auto& avatarData = sortedAvatar.getAvatar();
+        remainingAvatars--;
 
+        auto otherNode = avatarDataToNodes[avatarData];
         assert(otherNode); // we can't have gotten here without the avatarData being a valid key in the map
 
-        AvatarData::AvatarDataDetail detail = AvatarData::NoData;
-
-        // NOTE: Here's where we determine if we are over budget and drop remaining avatars,
-        // or send minimal avatar data in uncommon case of PALIsOpen.
+        // NOTE: Here's where we determine if we are over budget and drop to bare minimum data
         int minimRemainingAvatarBytes = minimumBytesPerAvatar * remainingAvatars;
         bool overBudget = (identityBytesSent + numAvatarDataBytes + minimRemainingAvatarBytes) > maxAvatarBytesPerFrame;
-        if (overBudget) {
-            if (PALIsOpen) {
-                _stats.overBudgetAvatars++;
-                detail = AvatarData::PALMinimum;
-            } else {
-                _stats.overBudgetAvatars += remainingAvatars;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
 
-        auto startAvatarDataPacking = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        quint64 startAvatarDataPacking = usecTimestampNow();
 
         ++numOtherAvatars;
 
@@ -439,18 +459,32 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
             nodeData->setLastBroadcastTime(otherNode->getUUID(), usecTimestampNow());
         }
 
-        // Typically all out-of-view avatars but such avatars' priorities will rise with time:
-        bool isLowerPriority = sortedAvatar.getPriority() <= OUT_OF_VIEW_THRESHOLD;
+        // determine if avatar is in view which determines how much data to send
+        glm::vec3 otherPosition = otherAvatar->getClientGlobalPosition();
+        glm::vec3 otherNodeBoxScale = (otherPosition - otherNodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner()) * 2.0f * otherAvatar->getSensorToWorldScale();
+        AABox otherNodeBox(otherNodeData->getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner(), otherNodeBoxScale);
+        bool isInView = nodeData->otherAvatarInView(otherNodeBox);
 
-        if (isLowerPriority) {
+        // start a new segment in the PacketList for this avatar
+        avatarPacketList->startSegment();
+
+        AvatarData::AvatarDataDetail detail;
+
+        if (overBudget) {
+            overBudgetAvatars++;
+            _stats.overBudgetAvatars++;
+            detail = PALIsOpen ? AvatarData::PALMinimum : AvatarData::NoData;
+        } else if (!isInView) {
             detail = PALIsOpen ? AvatarData::PALMinimum : AvatarData::MinimumData;
             nodeData->incrementAvatarOutOfView();
-        } else if (!overBudget) {
-            detail = distribution(generator) < AVATAR_SEND_FULL_UPDATE_RATIO ? AvatarData::SendAllData : AvatarData::CullSmallData;
+        } else {
+            detail = distribution(generator) < AVATAR_SEND_FULL_UPDATE_RATIO
+            ? AvatarData::SendAllData : AvatarData::CullSmallData;
             nodeData->incrementAvatarInView();
         }
 
         bool includeThisAvatar = true;
+        auto lastEncodeForOther = nodeData->getLastOtherAvatarEncodeTime(otherNode->getUUID());
         QVector<JointData>& lastSentJointsForOther = nodeData->getLastOtherAvatarSentJoints(otherNode->getUUID());
 
         lastSentJointsForOther.resize(otherAvatar->getJointCount());
@@ -460,14 +494,14 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
         AvatarDataPacket::HasFlags hasFlagsOut; // the result of the toByteArray
         bool dropFaceTracking = false;
 
-        auto startSerialize = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        quint64 start = usecTimestampNow();
         QByteArray bytes = otherAvatar->toByteArray(detail, lastEncodeForOther, lastSentJointsForOther,
                                                     hasFlagsOut, dropFaceTracking, distanceAdjust, viewerPosition,
                                                     &lastSentJointsForOther);
-        auto endSerialize = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-        _stats.toByteArrayElapsedTime +=
-            (quint64) chrono::duration_cast<chrono::microseconds>(endSerialize - startSerialize).count();
+        quint64 end = usecTimestampNow();
+        _stats.toByteArrayElapsedTime += (end - start);
 
+        static auto maxAvatarDataBytes = avatarPacketList->getMaxSegmentSize() - NUM_BYTES_RFC4122_UUID;
         if (bytes.size() > maxAvatarDataBytes) {
             qCWarning(avatars) << "otherAvatar.toByteArray() for" << otherNode->getUUID()
                 << "resulted in very large buffer of" << bytes.size() << "bytes - dropping facial data";
@@ -493,11 +527,8 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
         }
 
         if (includeThisAvatar) {
-            // start a new segment in the PacketList for this avatar
-            avatarPacketList->startSegment();
             numAvatarDataBytes += avatarPacketList->write(otherNode->getUUID().toRfc4122());
             numAvatarDataBytes += avatarPacketList->write(bytes);
-            avatarPacketList->endSegment();
 
             if (detail != AvatarData::NoData) {
                 _stats.numOthersIncluded++;
@@ -515,13 +546,15 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
             // It would be nice if we could tweak its future sort priority to put it at the back of the list.
         }
 
-        auto endAvatarDataPacking = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-        _stats.avatarDataPackingElapsedTime +=
-            (quint64) chrono::duration_cast<chrono::microseconds>(endAvatarDataPacking - startAvatarDataPacking).count();
+        avatarPacketList->endSegment();
+
+        quint64 endAvatarDataPacking = usecTimestampNow();
+        _stats.avatarDataPackingElapsedTime += (endAvatarDataPacking - startAvatarDataPacking);
 
         // use helper to add any changed traits to our packet list
         traitBytesSent += addChangedTraitsToBulkPacket(nodeData, otherNodeData, *traitsPacketList);
-        remainingAvatars--;
+
+        traitsPacketList->getDataSize();
     }
 
     quint64 startPacketSending = usecTimestampNow();
@@ -533,7 +566,7 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
     _stats.numBytesSent += numAvatarDataBytes;
 
     // send the avatar data PacketList
-    nodeList->sendPacketList(std::move(avatarPacketList), *destinationNode);
+    nodeList->sendPacketList(std::move(avatarPacketList), *node);
 
     // record the bytes sent for other avatar data in the AvatarMixerClientData
     nodeData->recordSentAvatarData(numAvatarDataBytes);
@@ -543,7 +576,7 @@ void AvatarMixerSlave::broadcastAvatarDataToAgent(const SharedNodePointer& node)
 
     if (traitsPacketList->getNumPackets() >= 1) {
         // send the traits packet list
-        nodeList->sendPacketList(std::move(traitsPacketList), *destinationNode);
+        nodeList->sendPacketList(std::move(traitsPacketList), *node);
     }
 
     // record the number of avatars held back this frame
diff --git a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.fbx b/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.fbx
deleted file mode 100644
index 846d38bbee..0000000000
Binary files a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.fbx and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.png b/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.png
deleted file mode 100644
index b118f4417c..0000000000
Binary files a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_timeout.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_vague.fbx b/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_vague.fbx
index 707f09e51a..324d90578b 100644
Binary files a/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_vague.fbx and b/interface/resources/meshes/redirect/oopsDialog_vague.fbx differ
diff --git a/interface/resources/qml/LoginDialog/LinkAccountBody.qml b/interface/resources/qml/LoginDialog/LinkAccountBody.qml
index 57293cb5e3..4196b7f168 100644
--- a/interface/resources/qml/LoginDialog/LinkAccountBody.qml
+++ b/interface/resources/qml/LoginDialog/LinkAccountBody.qml
@@ -346,15 +346,7 @@ Item {
         target: loginDialog
         onHandleLoginCompleted: {
             console.log("Login Succeeded, linking steam account")
-            var poppedUp = Settings.getValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false);
-            if (poppedUp) {
-                console.log("[ENCOURAGELOGINDIALOG]: logging in")
-                var data = {
-                    "action": "user logged in"
-                };
-                UserActivityLogger.logAction("encourageLoginDialog", data);
-                Settings.setValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false);
-            }
+
             if (loginDialog.isSteamRunning()) {
                 loginDialog.linkSteam()
             } else {
@@ -362,20 +354,23 @@ Item {
                 bodyLoader.item.width = root.pane.width
                 bodyLoader.item.height = root.pane.height
             }
+            if (Settings.getValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false)) {
+                var data = {
+                    "action": "user logged in"
+                };
+                UserActivityLogger.logAction("encourageLoginDialog", data);
+            }
         }
         onHandleLoginFailed: {
             console.log("Login Failed")
-            var poppedUp = Settings.getValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false);
-            if (poppedUp) {
-                console.log("[ENCOURAGELOGINDIALOG]: failed logging in")
+            mainTextContainer.visible = true
+            toggleLoading(false)
+            if (Settings.getValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false)) {
                 var data = {
                     "action": "user failed logging in"
                 };
                 UserActivityLogger.logAction("encourageLoginDialog", data);
-                Settings.setValue("loginDialogPoppedUp", false);
             }
-            mainTextContainer.visible = true
-            toggleLoading(false)
         }
         onHandleLinkCompleted: {
             console.log("Link Succeeded")
diff --git a/interface/src/Application.cpp b/interface/src/Application.cpp
index 826f6a87a9..77e2cb3211 100644
--- a/interface/src/Application.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/Application.cpp
@@ -3498,9 +3498,7 @@ bool Application::isServerlessMode() const {
 }
 
 void Application::setIsInterstitialMode(bool interstitialMode) {
-    Settings settings;
-    bool enableInterstitial = settings.value("enableIntersitialMode", false).toBool();
-    if (_interstitialMode != interstitialMode && enableInterstitial) {
+    if (_interstitialMode != interstitialMode) {
         _interstitialMode = interstitialMode;
 
         DependencyManager::get<AudioClient>()->setAudioPaused(_interstitialMode);
@@ -6348,7 +6346,6 @@ void Application::updateWindowTitle() const {
 
     auto nodeList = DependencyManager::get<NodeList>();
     auto accountManager = DependencyManager::get<AccountManager>();
-    auto isInErrorState = nodeList->getDomainHandler().isInErrorState();
 
     QString buildVersion = " - "
         + (BuildInfo::BUILD_TYPE == BuildInfo::BuildType::Stable ? QString("Version") : QString("Build"))
@@ -6356,19 +6353,14 @@ void Application::updateWindowTitle() const {
 
     QString loginStatus = accountManager->isLoggedIn() ? "" : " (NOT LOGGED IN)";
 
-    QString connectionStatus = isInErrorState ? " (ERROR CONNECTING)" :
-        nodeList->getDomainHandler().isConnected() ? "" : " (NOT CONNECTED)";
+    QString connectionStatus = nodeList->getDomainHandler().isConnected() ? "" : " (NOT CONNECTED)";
     QString username = accountManager->getAccountInfo().getUsername();
 
     setCrashAnnotation("username", username.toStdString());
 
     QString currentPlaceName;
     if (isServerlessMode()) {
-        if (isInErrorState) {
-            currentPlaceName = "serverless: " + nodeList->getDomainHandler().getErrorDomainURL().toString();
-        } else {
-            currentPlaceName = "serverless: " + DependencyManager::get<AddressManager>()->getDomainURL().toString();
-        }
+        currentPlaceName = "serverless: " + DependencyManager::get<AddressManager>()->getDomainURL().toString();
     } else {
         currentPlaceName = DependencyManager::get<AddressManager>()->getDomainURL().host();
         if (currentPlaceName.isEmpty()) {
diff --git a/interface/src/avatar/AvatarManager.cpp b/interface/src/avatar/AvatarManager.cpp
index 1faf17ea9a..443d19e473 100644
--- a/interface/src/avatar/AvatarManager.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/avatar/AvatarManager.cpp
@@ -176,29 +176,29 @@ float AvatarManager::getAvatarSimulationRate(const QUuid& sessionID, const QStri
 }
 
 void AvatarManager::updateOtherAvatars(float deltaTime) {
-    {
-        // lock the hash for read to check the size
-        QReadLocker lock(&_hashLock);
-        if (_avatarHash.size() < 2 && _avatarsToFade.isEmpty()) {
-            return;
-        }
+    // lock the hash for read to check the size
+    QReadLocker lock(&_hashLock);
+    if (_avatarHash.size() < 2 && _avatarsToFade.isEmpty()) {
+        return;
     }
+    lock.unlock();
 
     PerformanceTimer perfTimer("otherAvatars");
 
     class SortableAvatar: public PrioritySortUtil::Sortable {
     public:
         SortableAvatar() = delete;
-        SortableAvatar(const std::shared_ptr<Avatar>& avatar) : _avatar(avatar) {}
+        SortableAvatar(const AvatarSharedPointer& avatar) : _avatar(avatar) {}
         glm::vec3 getPosition() const override { return _avatar->getWorldPosition(); }
-        float getRadius() const override { return _avatar->getBoundingRadius(); }
-        uint64_t getTimestamp() const override { return _avatar->getLastRenderUpdateTime(); }
-        std::shared_ptr<Avatar> getAvatar() const { return _avatar; }
+        float getRadius() const override { return std::static_pointer_cast<Avatar>(_avatar)->getBoundingRadius(); }
+        uint64_t getTimestamp() const override { return std::static_pointer_cast<Avatar>(_avatar)->getLastRenderUpdateTime(); }
+        AvatarSharedPointer getAvatar() const { return _avatar; }
     private:
-        std::shared_ptr<Avatar> _avatar;
+        AvatarSharedPointer _avatar;
     };
 
     auto avatarMap = getHashCopy();
+    AvatarHash::iterator itr = avatarMap.begin();
 
     const auto& views = qApp->getConicalViews();
     PrioritySortUtil::PriorityQueue<SortableAvatar> sortedAvatars(views,
@@ -207,24 +207,22 @@ void AvatarManager::updateOtherAvatars(float deltaTime) {
             AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientAge);
     sortedAvatars.reserve(avatarMap.size() - 1); // don't include MyAvatar
 
-    // Build vector and compute priorities
-    auto nodeList = DependencyManager::get<NodeList>();
-    AvatarHash::iterator itr = avatarMap.begin();
+    // sort
     while (itr != avatarMap.end()) {
         const auto& avatar = std::static_pointer_cast<Avatar>(*itr);
         // DO NOT update _myAvatar!  Its update has already been done earlier in the main loop.
         // DO NOT update or fade out uninitialized Avatars
-        if (avatar != _myAvatar && avatar->isInitialized() && !nodeList->isPersonalMutingNode(avatar->getID())) {
+        if (avatar != _myAvatar && avatar->isInitialized()) {
             sortedAvatars.push(SortableAvatar(avatar));
         }
         ++itr;
     }
-    // Sort
     const auto& sortedAvatarVector = sortedAvatars.getSortedVector();
 
     // process in sorted order
     uint64_t startTime = usecTimestampNow();
-    uint64_t updateExpiry = startTime + MAX_UPDATE_AVATARS_TIME_BUDGET;
+    const uint64_t UPDATE_BUDGET = 2000; // usec
+    uint64_t updateExpiry = startTime + UPDATE_BUDGET;
     int numAvatarsUpdated = 0;
     int numAVatarsNotUpdated = 0;
 
@@ -243,12 +241,18 @@ void AvatarManager::updateOtherAvatars(float deltaTime) {
             avatar->updateOrbPosition();
         }
 
+        bool ignoring = DependencyManager::get<NodeList>()->isPersonalMutingNode(avatar->getID());
+        if (ignoring) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         // for ALL avatars...
         if (_shouldRender) {
             avatar->ensureInScene(avatar, qApp->getMain3DScene());
         }
         avatar->animateScaleChanges(deltaTime);
 
+        const float OUT_OF_VIEW_THRESHOLD = 0.5f * AvatarData::OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY;
         uint64_t now = usecTimestampNow();
         if (now < updateExpiry) {
             // we're within budget
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@ void AvatarManager::updateOtherAvatars(float deltaTime) {
             // no time to simulate, but we take the time to count how many were tragically missed
             while (it != sortedAvatarVector.end()) {
                 const SortableAvatar& newSortData = *it;
-                const auto& newAvatar = newSortData.getAvatar();
+                const auto newAvatar = std::static_pointer_cast<Avatar>(newSortData.getAvatar());
                 bool inView = newSortData.getPriority() > OUT_OF_VIEW_THRESHOLD;
                 // Once we reach an avatar that's not in view, all avatars after it will also be out of view
                 if (!inView) {
diff --git a/interface/src/octree/SafeLanding.cpp b/interface/src/octree/SafeLanding.cpp
index 5d4ebe9853..9785e0ba95 100644
--- a/interface/src/octree/SafeLanding.cpp
+++ b/interface/src/octree/SafeLanding.cpp
@@ -66,18 +66,13 @@ void SafeLanding::addTrackedEntity(const EntityItemID& entityID) {
         Locker lock(_lock);
         EntityItemPointer entity = _entityTree->findEntityByID(entityID);
 
-        if (entity) {
+        _trackedEntities.emplace(entityID, entity);
+        int trackedEntityCount = (int)_trackedEntities.size();
 
-            _trackedEntities.emplace(entityID, entity);
-            int trackedEntityCount = (int)_trackedEntities.size();
-
-            if (trackedEntityCount > _maxTrackedEntityCount) {
-                _maxTrackedEntityCount = trackedEntityCount;
-            }
-            qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "Safe Landing: Tracking entity " << entity->getItemName();
+        if (trackedEntityCount > _maxTrackedEntityCount) {
+            _maxTrackedEntityCount = trackedEntityCount;
         }
-    } else {
-        qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "Safe Landing: Null Entity: " << entityID;
+        qCDebug(interfaceapp) << "Safe Landing: Tracking entity " << entity->getItemName();
     }
 }
 
@@ -151,7 +146,7 @@ bool isEntityPhysicsReady(const EntityItemPointer& entity) {
             bool hasAABox;
             entity->getAABox(hasAABox);
             if (hasAABox && downloadedCollisionTypes.count(modelEntity->getShapeType()) != 0) {
-                return (!entity->shouldBePhysical() || entity->isReadyToComputeShape());
+                return entity->isReadyToComputeShape();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -161,23 +156,12 @@ bool isEntityPhysicsReady(const EntityItemPointer& entity) {
 
 bool SafeLanding::isEntityLoadingComplete() {
     Locker lock(_lock);
-
-
     auto entityTree = qApp->getEntities();
     auto entityMapIter = _trackedEntities.begin();
 
     while (entityMapIter != _trackedEntities.end()) {
         auto entity = entityMapIter->second;
-
-        bool isVisuallyReady = true;
-
-        Settings settings;
-        bool enableInterstitial = settings.value("enableIntersitialMode", false).toBool();
-
-        if (enableInterstitial) {
-            isVisuallyReady = (entity->isVisuallyReady() || !entityTree->renderableForEntityId(entityMapIter->first));
-        }
-
+        bool isVisuallyReady = (entity->isVisuallyReady() || !entityTree->renderableForEntityId(entityMapIter->first));
         if (isEntityPhysicsReady(entity) && isVisuallyReady) {
             entityMapIter = _trackedEntities.erase(entityMapIter);
         } else {
diff --git a/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.cpp b/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.cpp
index 834754e228..ea6dbd7074 100644
--- a/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.cpp
+++ b/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.cpp
@@ -363,13 +363,13 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
     memcpy(destinationBuffer, &packetStateFlags, sizeof(packetStateFlags));
     destinationBuffer += sizeof(packetStateFlags);
 
-#define AVATAR_MEMCPY(src)                          \
-    memcpy(destinationBuffer, &(src), sizeof(src)); \
-    destinationBuffer += sizeof(src);
-
     if (hasAvatarGlobalPosition) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
-        AVATAR_MEMCPY(_globalPosition);
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<AvatarDataPacket::AvatarGlobalPosition*>(destinationBuffer);
+        data->globalPosition[0] = _globalPosition.x;
+        data->globalPosition[1] = _globalPosition.y;
+        data->globalPosition[2] = _globalPosition.z;
+        destinationBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarGlobalPosition);
 
         int numBytes = destinationBuffer - startSection;
 
@@ -380,8 +380,17 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
 
     if (hasAvatarBoundingBox) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
-        AVATAR_MEMCPY(_globalBoundingBoxDimensions);
-        AVATAR_MEMCPY(_globalBoundingBoxOffset);
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<AvatarDataPacket::AvatarBoundingBox*>(destinationBuffer);
+
+        data->avatarDimensions[0] = _globalBoundingBoxDimensions.x;
+        data->avatarDimensions[1] = _globalBoundingBoxDimensions.y;
+        data->avatarDimensions[2] = _globalBoundingBoxDimensions.z;
+
+        data->boundOriginOffset[0] = _globalBoundingBoxOffset.x;
+        data->boundOriginOffset[1] = _globalBoundingBoxOffset.y;
+        data->boundOriginOffset[2] = _globalBoundingBoxOffset.z;
+
+        destinationBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarBoundingBox);
 
         int numBytes = destinationBuffer - startSection;
         if (outboundDataRateOut) {
@@ -415,7 +424,13 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
 
     if (hasLookAtPosition) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
-        AVATAR_MEMCPY(_headData->getLookAtPosition());
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<AvatarDataPacket::LookAtPosition*>(destinationBuffer);
+        auto lookAt = _headData->getLookAtPosition();
+        data->lookAtPosition[0] = lookAt.x;
+        data->lookAtPosition[1] = lookAt.y;
+        data->lookAtPosition[2] = lookAt.z;
+        destinationBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::LookAtPosition);
+
         int numBytes = destinationBuffer - startSection;
         if (outboundDataRateOut) {
             outboundDataRateOut->lookAtPositionRate.increment(numBytes);
@@ -516,8 +531,12 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
 
     if (hasAvatarLocalPosition) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
-        const auto localPosition = getLocalPosition();
-        AVATAR_MEMCPY(localPosition);
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<AvatarDataPacket::AvatarLocalPosition*>(destinationBuffer);
+        auto localPosition = getLocalPosition();
+        data->localPosition[0] = localPosition.x;
+        data->localPosition[1] = localPosition.y;
+        data->localPosition[2] = localPosition.z;
+        destinationBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarLocalPosition);
 
         int numBytes = destinationBuffer - startSection;
         if (outboundDataRateOut) {
@@ -548,24 +567,19 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
         }
     }
 
-    QVector<JointData> jointData;
-    if (hasJointData || hasJointDefaultPoseFlags) {
-        QReadLocker readLock(&_jointDataLock);
-        jointData = _jointData;
-    }
-
     // If it is connected, pack up the data
     if (hasJointData) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
+        QReadLocker readLock(&_jointDataLock);
 
         // joint rotation data
-        int numJoints = jointData.size();
+        int numJoints = _jointData.size();
         *destinationBuffer++ = (uint8_t)numJoints;
 
         unsigned char* validityPosition = destinationBuffer;
         unsigned char validity = 0;
         int validityBit = 0;
-        int numValidityBytes = calcBitVectorSize(numJoints);
+        int numValidityBytes = (int)std::ceil(numJoints / (float)BITS_IN_BYTE);
 
 #ifdef WANT_DEBUG
         int rotationSentCount = 0;
@@ -575,37 +589,43 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
         destinationBuffer += numValidityBytes; // Move pointer past the validity bytes
 
         // sentJointDataOut and lastSentJointData might be the same vector
+        // build sentJointDataOut locally and then swap it at the end.
+        QVector<JointData> localSentJointDataOut;
         if (sentJointDataOut) {
-            sentJointDataOut->resize(numJoints); // Make sure the destination is resized before using it
+            localSentJointDataOut.resize(numJoints); // Make sure the destination is resized before using it
         }
 
-        float minRotationDOT = (distanceAdjust && cullSmallChanges) ? getDistanceBasedMinRotationDOT(viewerPosition) : AVATAR_MIN_ROTATION_DOT;
+        float minRotationDOT = !distanceAdjust ? AVATAR_MIN_ROTATION_DOT : getDistanceBasedMinRotationDOT(viewerPosition);
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < jointData.size(); i++) {
-            const JointData& data = jointData[i];
+        for (int i = 0; i < _jointData.size(); i++) {
+            const JointData& data = _jointData[i];
             const JointData& last = lastSentJointData[i];
 
             if (!data.rotationIsDefaultPose) {
-                // The dot product for larger rotations is a lower number.
-                // So if the dot() is less than the value, then the rotation is a larger angle of rotation
-                if (sendAll || last.rotationIsDefaultPose || (!cullSmallChanges && last.rotation != data.rotation)
-                    || (cullSmallChanges && glm::dot(last.rotation, data.rotation) < minRotationDOT) ) {
-                    validity |= (1 << validityBit);
-#ifdef WANT_DEBUG
-                    rotationSentCount++;
-#endif
-                    destinationBuffer += packOrientationQuatToSixBytes(destinationBuffer, data.rotation);
+                bool mustSend = sendAll || last.rotationIsDefaultPose;
+                if (mustSend || last.rotation != data.rotation) {
 
-                    if (sentJointDataOut) {
-                        (*sentJointDataOut)[i].rotation = data.rotation;
+                    bool largeEnoughRotation = true;
+                    if (cullSmallChanges) {
+                        // The dot product for smaller rotations is a smaller number.
+                        // So if the dot() is less than the value, then the rotation is a larger angle of rotation
+                        largeEnoughRotation = fabsf(glm::dot(last.rotation, data.rotation)) < minRotationDOT;
+                    }
+
+                    if (mustSend || !cullSmallChanges || largeEnoughRotation) {
+                        validity |= (1 << validityBit);
+#ifdef WANT_DEBUG
+                        rotationSentCount++;
+#endif
+                        destinationBuffer += packOrientationQuatToSixBytes(destinationBuffer, data.rotation);
+
+                        if (sentJointDataOut) {
+                            localSentJointDataOut[i].rotation = data.rotation;
+                            localSentJointDataOut[i].rotationIsDefaultPose = false;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            if (sentJointDataOut) {
-                (*sentJointDataOut)[i].rotationIsDefaultPose = data.rotationIsDefaultPose;
-            }
-
             if (++validityBit == BITS_IN_BYTE) {
                 *validityPosition++ = validity;
                 validityBit = validity = 0;
@@ -627,38 +647,35 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
 
         destinationBuffer += numValidityBytes; // Move pointer past the validity bytes
 
-        float minTranslation = (distanceAdjust && cullSmallChanges) ? getDistanceBasedMinTranslationDistance(viewerPosition) : AVATAR_MIN_TRANSLATION;
+        float minTranslation = !distanceAdjust ? AVATAR_MIN_TRANSLATION : getDistanceBasedMinTranslationDistance(viewerPosition);
 
         float maxTranslationDimension = 0.0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < jointData.size(); i++) {
-            const JointData& data = jointData[i];
+        for (int i = 0; i < _jointData.size(); i++) {
+            const JointData& data = _jointData[i];
             const JointData& last = lastSentJointData[i];
 
             if (!data.translationIsDefaultPose) {
-                if (sendAll || last.translationIsDefaultPose || (!cullSmallChanges && last.translation != data.translation)
-                    || (cullSmallChanges && glm::distance(data.translation, lastSentJointData[i].translation) > minTranslation)) {
-                   
-                    validity |= (1 << validityBit);
+                bool mustSend = sendAll || last.translationIsDefaultPose;
+                if (mustSend || last.translation != data.translation) {
+                    if (mustSend || !cullSmallChanges || glm::distance(data.translation, lastSentJointData[i].translation) > minTranslation) {
+                        validity |= (1 << validityBit);
 #ifdef WANT_DEBUG
-                    translationSentCount++;
+                        translationSentCount++;
 #endif
-                    maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.x), maxTranslationDimension);
-                    maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.y), maxTranslationDimension);
-                    maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.z), maxTranslationDimension);
+                        maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.x), maxTranslationDimension);
+                        maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.y), maxTranslationDimension);
+                        maxTranslationDimension = glm::max(fabsf(data.translation.z), maxTranslationDimension);
 
-                    destinationBuffer +=
-                        packFloatVec3ToSignedTwoByteFixed(destinationBuffer, data.translation, TRANSLATION_COMPRESSION_RADIX);
+                        destinationBuffer +=
+                            packFloatVec3ToSignedTwoByteFixed(destinationBuffer, data.translation, TRANSLATION_COMPRESSION_RADIX);
 
-                    if (sentJointDataOut) {
-                        (*sentJointDataOut)[i].translation = data.translation;
+                        if (sentJointDataOut) {
+                            localSentJointDataOut[i].translation = data.translation;
+                            localSentJointDataOut[i].translationIsDefaultPose = false;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
-
-            if (sentJointDataOut) {
-                (*sentJointDataOut)[i].translationIsDefaultPose = data.translationIsDefaultPose;
-            }
-
             if (++validityBit == BITS_IN_BYTE) {
                 *validityPosition++ = validity;
                 validityBit = validity = 0;
@@ -674,7 +691,6 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
         destinationBuffer += packOrientationQuatToSixBytes(destinationBuffer, controllerLeftHandTransform.getRotation());
         destinationBuffer += packFloatVec3ToSignedTwoByteFixed(destinationBuffer, controllerLeftHandTransform.getTranslation(),
             TRANSLATION_COMPRESSION_RADIX);
-
         Transform controllerRightHandTransform = Transform(getControllerRightHandMatrix());
         destinationBuffer += packOrientationQuatToSixBytes(destinationBuffer, controllerRightHandTransform.getRotation());
         destinationBuffer += packFloatVec3ToSignedTwoByteFixed(destinationBuffer, controllerRightHandTransform.getTranslation(),
@@ -691,27 +707,34 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
             glm::vec3 mouseFarGrabPosition = extractTranslation(mouseFarGrabMatrix);
             glm::quat mouseFarGrabRotation = extractRotation(mouseFarGrabMatrix);
 
-            AVATAR_MEMCPY(leftFarGrabPosition);
-            // Can't do block copy as struct order is x, y, z, w.
+            data->leftFarGrabPosition[0] = leftFarGrabPosition.x;
+            data->leftFarGrabPosition[1] = leftFarGrabPosition.y;
+            data->leftFarGrabPosition[2] = leftFarGrabPosition.z;
+
             data->leftFarGrabRotation[0] = leftFarGrabRotation.w;
             data->leftFarGrabRotation[1] = leftFarGrabRotation.x;
             data->leftFarGrabRotation[2] = leftFarGrabRotation.y;
             data->leftFarGrabRotation[3] = leftFarGrabRotation.z;
-            destinationBuffer += sizeof(data->leftFarGrabPosition);
 
-            AVATAR_MEMCPY(rightFarGrabPosition);
+            data->rightFarGrabPosition[0] = rightFarGrabPosition.x;
+            data->rightFarGrabPosition[1] = rightFarGrabPosition.y;
+            data->rightFarGrabPosition[2] = rightFarGrabPosition.z;
+
             data->rightFarGrabRotation[0] = rightFarGrabRotation.w;
             data->rightFarGrabRotation[1] = rightFarGrabRotation.x;
             data->rightFarGrabRotation[2] = rightFarGrabRotation.y;
             data->rightFarGrabRotation[3] = rightFarGrabRotation.z;
-            destinationBuffer += sizeof(data->rightFarGrabRotation);
 
-            AVATAR_MEMCPY(mouseFarGrabPosition);
+            data->mouseFarGrabPosition[0] = mouseFarGrabPosition.x;
+            data->mouseFarGrabPosition[1] = mouseFarGrabPosition.y;
+            data->mouseFarGrabPosition[2] = mouseFarGrabPosition.z;
+
             data->mouseFarGrabRotation[0] = mouseFarGrabRotation.w;
             data->mouseFarGrabRotation[1] = mouseFarGrabRotation.x;
             data->mouseFarGrabRotation[2] = mouseFarGrabRotation.y;
             data->mouseFarGrabRotation[3] = mouseFarGrabRotation.z;
-            destinationBuffer += sizeof(data->mouseFarGrabRotation);
+
+            destinationBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::FarGrabJoints);
 
             int numBytes = destinationBuffer - startSection;
 
@@ -738,23 +761,41 @@ QByteArray AvatarData::toByteArray(AvatarDataDetail dataDetail, quint64 lastSent
             outboundDataRateOut->jointDataRate.increment(numBytes);
         }
 
+        if (sentJointDataOut) {
+
+            // Mark default poses in lastSentJointData, so when they become non-default we send them.
+            for (int i = 0; i < _jointData.size(); i++) {
+                const JointData& data = _jointData[i];
+                JointData& local = localSentJointDataOut[i];
+                if (data.rotationIsDefaultPose) {
+                    local.rotationIsDefaultPose = true;
+                }
+                if (data.translationIsDefaultPose) {
+                    local.translationIsDefaultPose = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Push new sent joint data to sentJointDataOut
+            sentJointDataOut->swap(localSentJointDataOut);
+        }
     }
 
     if (hasJointDefaultPoseFlags) {
         auto startSection = destinationBuffer;
+        QReadLocker readLock(&_jointDataLock);
 
         // write numJoints
-        int numJoints = jointData.size();
+        int numJoints = _jointData.size();
         *destinationBuffer++ = (uint8_t)numJoints;
 
         // write rotationIsDefaultPose bits
         destinationBuffer += writeBitVector(destinationBuffer, numJoints, [&](int i) {
-            return jointData[i].rotationIsDefaultPose;
+            return _jointData[i].rotationIsDefaultPose;
         });
 
         // write translationIsDefaultPose bits
         destinationBuffer += writeBitVector(destinationBuffer, numJoints, [&](int i) {
-            return jointData[i].translationIsDefaultPose;
+            return _jointData[i].translationIsDefaultPose;
         });
 
         if (outboundDataRateOut) {
@@ -839,6 +880,7 @@ const unsigned char* unpackFauxJoint(const unsigned char* sourceBuffer, ThreadSa
 
 // read data in packet starting at byte offset and return number of bytes parsed
 int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
+
     // lazily allocate memory for HeadData in case we're not an Avatar instance
     lazyInitHeadData();
 
@@ -890,7 +932,7 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
         auto newValue = glm::vec3(data->globalPosition[0], data->globalPosition[1], data->globalPosition[2]) + offset;
         if (_globalPosition != newValue) {
             _globalPosition = newValue;
-            _globalPositionChanged = now;
+            _globalPositionChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
         sourceBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarGlobalPosition);
         int numBytesRead = sourceBuffer - startSection;
@@ -914,11 +956,11 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
 
         if (_globalBoundingBoxDimensions != newDimensions) {
             _globalBoundingBoxDimensions = newDimensions;
-            _avatarBoundingBoxChanged = now;
+            _avatarBoundingBoxChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
         if (_globalBoundingBoxOffset != newOffset) {
             _globalBoundingBoxOffset = newOffset;
-            _avatarBoundingBoxChanged = now;
+            _avatarBoundingBoxChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
 
         sourceBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AvatarBoundingBox);
@@ -1019,7 +1061,7 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
         glm::mat4 sensorToWorldMatrix = createMatFromScaleQuatAndPos(glm::vec3(sensorToWorldScale), sensorToWorldQuat, sensorToWorldTrans);
         if (_sensorToWorldMatrixCache.get() != sensorToWorldMatrix) {
             _sensorToWorldMatrixCache.set(sensorToWorldMatrix);
-            _sensorToWorldMatrixChanged = now;
+            _sensorToWorldMatrixChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
         sourceBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::SensorToWorldMatrix);
         int numBytesRead = sourceBuffer - startSection;
@@ -1076,7 +1118,7 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
         sourceBuffer += sizeof(AvatarDataPacket::AdditionalFlags);
 
         if (somethingChanged) {
-            _additionalFlagsChanged = now;
+            _additionalFlagsChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
         int numBytesRead = sourceBuffer - startSection;
         _additionalFlagsRate.increment(numBytesRead);
@@ -1096,7 +1138,7 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
         if ((getParentID() != newParentID) || (getParentJointIndex() != parentInfo->parentJointIndex)) {
             SpatiallyNestable::setParentID(newParentID);
             SpatiallyNestable::setParentJointIndex(parentInfo->parentJointIndex);
-            _parentChanged = now;
+            _parentChanged = usecTimestampNow();
         }
 
         int numBytesRead = sourceBuffer - startSection;
@@ -1145,6 +1187,8 @@ int AvatarData::parseDataFromBuffer(const QByteArray& buffer) {
         int numBytesRead = sourceBuffer - startSection;
         _faceTrackerRate.increment(numBytesRead);
         _faceTrackerUpdateRate.increment();
+    } else {
+        _headData->_blendshapeCoefficients.fill(0, _headData->_blendshapeCoefficients.size());
     }
 
     if (hasJointData) {
@@ -2829,8 +2873,10 @@ void RayToAvatarIntersectionResultFromScriptValue(const QScriptValue& object, Ra
     value.extraInfo = object.property("extraInfo").toVariant().toMap();
 }
 
-float AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientSize { 8.0f };
-float AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientCenter { 4.0f };
+const float AvatarData::OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY = -10.0f;
+
+float AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientSize { 1.0f };
+float AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientCenter { 0.25 };
 float AvatarData::_avatarSortCoefficientAge { 1.0f };
 
 QScriptValue AvatarEntityMapToScriptValue(QScriptEngine* engine, const AvatarEntityMap& value) {
diff --git a/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.h b/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.h
index 056e745370..db2b82b0b7 100644
--- a/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.h
+++ b/libraries/avatars/src/AvatarData.h
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ public:
     void fromJson(const QJsonObject& json, bool useFrameSkeleton = true);
 
     glm::vec3 getClientGlobalPosition() const { return _globalPosition; }
-    AABox getGlobalBoundingBox() const { return AABox(_globalPosition + _globalBoundingBoxOffset - _globalBoundingBoxDimensions, _globalBoundingBoxDimensions); }
+    glm::vec3 getGlobalBoundingBoxCorner() const { return _globalPosition + _globalBoundingBoxOffset - _globalBoundingBoxDimensions; }
 
     /**jsdoc
      * @function MyAvatar.getAvatarEntityData
@@ -1169,6 +1169,8 @@ public:
     // A method intended to be overriden by MyAvatar for polling orientation for network transmission.
     virtual glm::quat getOrientationOutbound() const;
 
+    static const float OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY;
+
     // TODO: remove this HACK once we settle on optimal sort coefficients
     // These coefficients exposed for fine tuning the sort priority for transfering new _jointData to the render pipeline.
     static float _avatarSortCoefficientSize;
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.cpp b/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.cpp
index d99c0020da..5b3196a2bf 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.cpp
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.cpp
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ void AccountManager::requestAccessToken(const QString& login, const QString& pas
 
     QNetworkReply* requestReply = networkAccessManager.post(request, postData);
     connect(requestReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, this, &AccountManager::requestAccessTokenFinished);
+    connect(requestReply, SIGNAL(error(QNetworkReply::NetworkError)), this, SLOT(requestAccessTokenError(QNetworkReply::NetworkError)));
 }
 
 void AccountManager::requestAccessTokenWithSteam(QByteArray authSessionTicket) {
@@ -632,6 +633,12 @@ void AccountManager::requestAccessTokenFinished() {
     }
 }
 
+void AccountManager::requestAccessTokenError(QNetworkReply::NetworkError error) {
+    // TODO: error handling
+    qCDebug(networking) << "AccountManager: failed to fetch access token - " << error;
+    emit loginFailed();
+}
+
 void AccountManager::refreshAccessTokenFinished() {
     QNetworkReply* requestReply = reinterpret_cast<QNetworkReply*>(sender());
 
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.h b/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.h
index f3b81cf1c9..b122115dd0 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.h
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/AccountManager.h
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ public slots:
     void requestAccessTokenFinished();
     void refreshAccessTokenFinished();
     void requestProfileFinished();
+    void requestAccessTokenError(QNetworkReply::NetworkError error);
     void refreshAccessTokenError(QNetworkReply::NetworkError error);
     void requestProfileError(QNetworkReply::NetworkError error);
     void logout();
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/AddressManager.cpp b/libraries/networking/src/AddressManager.cpp
index 8085039b02..9e5cbcaa7b 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/AddressManager.cpp
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/AddressManager.cpp
@@ -816,10 +816,8 @@ bool AddressManager::setDomainInfo(const QUrl& domainURL, LookupTrigger trigger)
     const QString hostname = domainURL.host();
     quint16 port = domainURL.port();
     bool emitHostChanged { false };
-    // Check if domain handler is in error state. always emit host changed if true.
-    bool isInErrorState = DependencyManager::get<NodeList>()->getDomainHandler().isInErrorState();
 
-    if (domainURL != _domainURL || isInErrorState) {
+    if (domainURL != _domainURL) {
         addCurrentAddressToHistory(trigger);
         emitHostChanged = true;
     }
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.cpp b/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.cpp
index 4c9231b7c9..59e3de922f 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.cpp
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.cpp
@@ -55,9 +55,6 @@ DomainHandler::DomainHandler(QObject* parent) :
 
     // stop the refresh timer if we connect to a domain
     connect(this, &DomainHandler::connectedToDomain, &_apiRefreshTimer, &QTimer::stop);
-
-    // stop the refresh timer if redirected to the error domain
-    connect(this, &DomainHandler::redirectToErrorDomainURL, &_apiRefreshTimer, &QTimer::stop);
 }
 
 void DomainHandler::disconnect() {
@@ -110,15 +107,13 @@ void DomainHandler::softReset() {
     QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&_settingsTimer, "stop");
 
     // restart the API refresh timer in case we fail to connect and need to refresh information
-    if (!_isInErrorState) {
-        QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&_apiRefreshTimer, "start");
+    QMetaObject::invokeMethod(&_apiRefreshTimer, "start");
 }
 
 void DomainHandler::hardReset() {
     emit resetting();
 
     softReset();
-    _isInErrorState = false;
 
     qCDebug(networking) << "Hard reset in NodeList DomainHandler.";
     _pendingDomainID = QUuid();
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.h b/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.h
index 90da86a929..ab20936f43 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.h
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/DomainHandler.h
@@ -172,11 +172,6 @@ public slots:
     void processICEResponsePacket(QSharedPointer<ReceivedMessage> icePacket);
     void processDomainServerConnectionDeniedPacket(QSharedPointer<ReceivedMessage> message);
 
-    // sets domain handler in error state.
-    void setRedirectErrorState(QUrl errorUrl, int reasonCode);
-
-    bool isInErrorState() { return _isInErrorState; }
-
 private slots:
     void completedHostnameLookup(const QHostInfo& hostInfo);
     void completedIceServerHostnameLookup();
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.cpp b/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.cpp
index 44220df8f8..c378987cd0 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.cpp
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Socket::Socket(QObject* parent, bool shouldChangeSocketOptions) :
     _shouldChangeSocketOptions(shouldChangeSocketOptions)
 {
     connect(&_udpSocket, &QUdpSocket::readyRead, this, &Socket::readPendingDatagrams);
-    connect(this, &Socket::pendingDatagrams, this, &Socket::processPendingDatagrams, Qt::QueuedConnection);
 
     // make sure we hear about errors and state changes from the underlying socket
     connect(&_udpSocket, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),
@@ -316,85 +315,55 @@ void Socket::checkForReadyReadBackup() {
 }
 
 void Socket::readPendingDatagrams() {
-    int packetsRead = 0;
-
     int packetSizeWithHeader = -1;
-    // Max datagrams to read before processing:
-    static const int MAX_DATAGRAMS_CONSECUTIVELY = 10000;
-    while (_udpSocket.hasPendingDatagrams()
-        && (packetSizeWithHeader = _udpSocket.pendingDatagramSize()) != -1
-        && packetsRead <= MAX_DATAGRAMS_CONSECUTIVELY) {
-        // grab a time point we can mark as the receive time of this packet
-        auto receiveTime = p_high_resolution_clock::now();
 
-
-        // setup a buffer to read the packet into
-        auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[packetSizeWithHeader]);
-
-        QHostAddress senderAddress;
-        quint16 senderPort;
-
-        // pull the datagram
-        auto sizeRead = _udpSocket.readDatagram(buffer.get(), packetSizeWithHeader,
-            &senderAddress, &senderPort);
-
-        // we either didn't pull anything for this packet or there was an error reading (this seems to trigger
-        // on windows even if there's not a packet available)
-        if (sizeRead < 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        _incomingDatagrams.push_back({ senderAddress, senderPort, packetSizeWithHeader,
-            std::move(buffer), receiveTime });
-        ++packetsRead;
-
-    }
-
-    if (packetsRead > _maxDatagramsRead) {
-        _maxDatagramsRead = packetsRead;
-        qCDebug(networking) << "readPendingDatagrams: Datagrams read:" << packetsRead;
-    }
-    emit pendingDatagrams(packetsRead);
-}
-
-void Socket::processPendingDatagrams(int) {
-    // setup a HifiSockAddr to read into
-    HifiSockAddr senderSockAddr;
-
-    while (!_incomingDatagrams.empty()) {
-        auto& datagram = _incomingDatagrams.front();
-        senderSockAddr.setAddress(datagram._senderAddress);
-        senderSockAddr.setPort(datagram._senderPort);
-        int datagramSize = datagram._datagramLength;
-        auto receiveTime = datagram._receiveTime;
+    while (_udpSocket.hasPendingDatagrams() && (packetSizeWithHeader = _udpSocket.pendingDatagramSize()) != -1) {
 
         // we're reading a packet so re-start the readyRead backup timer
         _readyReadBackupTimer->start();
 
+        // grab a time point we can mark as the receive time of this packet
+        auto receiveTime = p_high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+        // setup a HifiSockAddr to read into
+        HifiSockAddr senderSockAddr;
+
+        // setup a buffer to read the packet into
+        auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[packetSizeWithHeader]);
+
+        // pull the datagram
+        auto sizeRead = _udpSocket.readDatagram(buffer.get(), packetSizeWithHeader,
+                                                senderSockAddr.getAddressPointer(), senderSockAddr.getPortPointer());
+
         // save information for this packet, in case it is the one that sticks readyRead
-        _lastPacketSizeRead = datagramSize;
+        _lastPacketSizeRead = sizeRead;
         _lastPacketSockAddr = senderSockAddr;
 
-        // Process unfiltered packets first.
+        if (sizeRead <= 0) {
+            // we either didn't pull anything for this packet or there was an error reading (this seems to trigger
+            // on windows even if there's not a packet available)
+            continue;
+        }
+
         auto it = _unfilteredHandlers.find(senderSockAddr);
+
         if (it != _unfilteredHandlers.end()) {
-            // we have a registered unfiltered handler for this HifiSockAddr (eg. STUN packet) - call that and return
+            // we have a registered unfiltered handler for this HifiSockAddr - call that and return
             if (it->second) {
-                auto basePacket = BasePacket::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(datagram._datagram),
-                    datagramSize, senderSockAddr);
+                auto basePacket = BasePacket::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(buffer), packetSizeWithHeader, senderSockAddr);
                 basePacket->setReceiveTime(receiveTime);
                 it->second(std::move(basePacket));
             }
-            _incomingDatagrams.pop_front();
+
             continue;
         }
 
         // check if this was a control packet or a data packet
-        bool isControlPacket = *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(datagram._datagram.get()) & CONTROL_BIT_MASK;
+        bool isControlPacket = *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(buffer.get()) & CONTROL_BIT_MASK;
 
         if (isControlPacket) {
             // setup a control packet from the data we just read
-            auto controlPacket = ControlPacket::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(datagram._datagram), datagramSize, senderSockAddr);
+            auto controlPacket = ControlPacket::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(buffer), packetSizeWithHeader, senderSockAddr);
             controlPacket->setReceiveTime(receiveTime);
 
             // move this control packet to the matching connection, if there is one
@@ -406,13 +375,13 @@ void Socket::processPendingDatagrams(int) {
 
         } else {
             // setup a Packet from the data we just read
-            auto packet = Packet::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(datagram._datagram), datagramSize, senderSockAddr);
+            auto packet = Packet::fromReceivedPacket(std::move(buffer), packetSizeWithHeader, senderSockAddr);
             packet->setReceiveTime(receiveTime);
 
             // save the sequence number in case this is the packet that sticks readyRead
             _lastReceivedSequenceNumber = packet->getSequenceNumber();
 
-            // call our hash verification operator to see if this packet is verified
+            // call our verification operator to see if this packet is verified
             if (!_packetFilterOperator || _packetFilterOperator(*packet)) {
                 if (packet->isReliable()) {
                     // if this was a reliable packet then signal the matching connection with the sequence number
@@ -426,7 +395,6 @@ void Socket::processPendingDatagrams(int) {
                         qCDebug(networking) << "Can't process packet: version" << (unsigned int)NLPacket::versionInHeader(*packet)
                             << ", type" << NLPacket::typeInHeader(*packet);
 #endif
-                        _incomingDatagrams.pop_front();
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
@@ -442,8 +410,6 @@ void Socket::processPendingDatagrams(int) {
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        _incomingDatagrams.pop_front();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.h b/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.h
index ef4a457116..1f28592c83 100644
--- a/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.h
+++ b/libraries/networking/src/udt/Socket.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <list>
 
 #include <QtCore/QObject>
 #include <QtCore/QTimer>
@@ -95,7 +94,6 @@ public:
 
 signals:
     void clientHandshakeRequestComplete(const HifiSockAddr& sockAddr);
-    void pendingDatagrams(int datagramCount);
 
 public slots:
     void cleanupConnection(HifiSockAddr sockAddr);
@@ -103,7 +101,6 @@ public slots:
     
 private slots:
     void readPendingDatagrams();
-    void processPendingDatagrams(int datagramCount);
     void checkForReadyReadBackup();
 
     void handleSocketError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError);
@@ -147,17 +144,6 @@ private:
     int _lastPacketSizeRead { 0 };
     SequenceNumber _lastReceivedSequenceNumber;
     HifiSockAddr _lastPacketSockAddr;
-
-    struct Datagram {
-        QHostAddress _senderAddress;
-        int _senderPort;
-        int _datagramLength;
-        std::unique_ptr<char[]> _datagram;
-        p_high_resolution_clock::time_point _receiveTime;
-    };
-
-    std::list<Datagram> _incomingDatagrams;
-    int _maxDatagramsRead { 0 };
     
     friend UDTTest;
 };
diff --git a/libraries/physics/src/PhysicsEngine.cpp b/libraries/physics/src/PhysicsEngine.cpp
index 871958f883..58c197d6f4 100644
--- a/libraries/physics/src/PhysicsEngine.cpp
+++ b/libraries/physics/src/PhysicsEngine.cpp
@@ -286,7 +286,6 @@ void PhysicsEngine::reinsertObject(ObjectMotionState* object) {
 void PhysicsEngine::processTransaction(PhysicsEngine::Transaction& transaction) {
     // removes
     for (auto object : transaction.objectsToRemove) {
-        bumpAndPruneContacts(object);
         btRigidBody* body = object->getRigidBody();
         if (body) {
             removeDynamicsForBody(body);
diff --git a/libraries/shared/src/PrioritySortUtil.h b/libraries/shared/src/PrioritySortUtil.h
index 27f6b193ba..8ded047212 100644
--- a/libraries/shared/src/PrioritySortUtil.h
+++ b/libraries/shared/src/PrioritySortUtil.h
@@ -16,16 +16,55 @@
 #include "NumericalConstants.h"
 #include "shared/ConicalViewFrustum.h"
 
-//   PrioritySortUtil is a helper for sorting 3D things relative to a ViewFrustum.
+/*   PrioritySortUtil is a helper for sorting 3D things relative to a ViewFrustum.  To use:
 
-const float OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY = -10.0f;
-const float OUT_OF_VIEW_THRESHOLD = 0.5f * OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY;
+(1) Derive a class from pure-virtual PrioritySortUtil::Sortable that wraps a copy of
+    the Thing you want to prioritize and sort:
+
+    class SortableWrapper: public PrioritySortUtil::Sortable {
+    public:
+        SortableWrapper(const Thing& thing) : _thing(thing) { }
+        glm::vec3 getPosition() const override { return _thing->getPosition(); }
+        float getRadius() const override { return 0.5f * _thing->getBoundingRadius(); }
+        uint64_t getTimestamp() const override { return _thing->getLastTime(); }
+        Thing getThing() const { return _thing; }
+    private:
+        Thing _thing;
+    };
+
+(2) Make a PrioritySortUtil::PriorityQueue<Thing> and add them to the queue:
+
+    PrioritySortUtil::PriorityQueue<SortableWrapper> sortedThings(viewFrustum);
+    std::priority_queue< PrioritySortUtil::Sortable<Thing> > sortedThings;
+    for (thing in things) {
+        sortedThings.push(SortableWrapper(thing));
+    }
+
+(3) Loop over your priority queue and do timeboxed work:
+
+    NOTE: Be careful using references to members of instances of T from std::priority_queue<T>.
+          Under the hood std::priority_queue<T> may re-use instances of T.
+          For example, after a pop() or a push() the top T may have the same memory address
+          as the top T before the pop() or push() (but point to a swapped instance of T).
+          This causes a reference to member variable of T to point to a different value
+          when operations taken on std::priority_queue<T> shuffle around the instances of T.
+
+    uint64_t cutoffTime = usecTimestampNow() + TIME_BUDGET;
+    while (!sortedThings.empty()) {
+        const Thing& thing = sortedThings.top();
+        // ...do work on thing...
+        sortedThings.pop();
+        if (usecTimestampNow() > cutoffTime) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+*/
 
 namespace PrioritySortUtil {
 
     constexpr float DEFAULT_ANGULAR_COEF { 1.0f };
     constexpr float DEFAULT_CENTER_COEF { 0.5f };
-    constexpr float DEFAULT_AGE_COEF { 0.25f };
+    constexpr float DEFAULT_AGE_COEF { 0.25f / (float)(USECS_PER_SECOND) };
 
     class Sortable {
     public:
@@ -45,9 +84,8 @@ namespace PrioritySortUtil {
         PriorityQueue() = delete;
         PriorityQueue(const ConicalViewFrustums& views) : _views(views) { }
         PriorityQueue(const ConicalViewFrustums& views, float angularWeight, float centerWeight, float ageWeight)
-            : _views(views), _angularWeight(angularWeight), _centerWeight(centerWeight), _ageWeight(ageWeight)
-            , _usecCurrentTime(usecTimestampNow()) {
-        }
+                : _views(views), _angularWeight(angularWeight), _centerWeight(centerWeight), _ageWeight(ageWeight)
+        { }
 
         void setViews(const ConicalViewFrustums& views) { _views = views; }
 
@@ -55,7 +93,6 @@ namespace PrioritySortUtil {
             _angularWeight = angularWeight;
             _centerWeight = centerWeight;
             _ageWeight = ageWeight;
-            _usecCurrentTime = usecTimestampNow();
         }
 
         size_t size() const { return _vector.size(); }
@@ -94,18 +131,23 @@ namespace PrioritySortUtil {
             glm::vec3 offset = position - view.getPosition();
             float distance = glm::length(offset) + 0.001f; // add 1mm to avoid divide by zero
             const float MIN_RADIUS = 0.1f; // WORKAROUND for zero size objects (we still want them to sort by distance)
-            float radius = glm::max(thing.getRadius(), MIN_RADIUS);
-            // Other item's angle from view centre:
-            float cosineAngle = glm::dot(offset, view.getDirection()) / distance;
-            float age = float((_usecCurrentTime - thing.getTimestamp()) / USECS_PER_SECOND);
+            float radius = glm::min(thing.getRadius(), MIN_RADIUS);
+            float cosineAngle = (glm::dot(offset, view.getDirection()) / distance);
+            float age = (float)(usecTimestampNow() - thing.getTimestamp());
 
-            // the "age" term accumulates at the sum of all weights
-            float angularSize = radius / distance;
-            float priority = (_angularWeight * angularSize + _centerWeight * cosineAngle) * (age + 1.0f) + _ageWeight * age;
+            // we modulatate "age" drift rate by the cosineAngle term to make periphrial objects sort forward
+            // at a reduced rate but we don't want the "age" term to go zero or negative so we clamp it
+            const float MIN_COSINE_ANGLE_FACTOR = 0.1f;
+            float cosineAngleFactor = glm::max(cosineAngle, MIN_COSINE_ANGLE_FACTOR);
+
+            float priority = _angularWeight * glm::max(radius, MIN_RADIUS) / distance
+                + _centerWeight * cosineAngle
+                + _ageWeight * cosineAngleFactor * age;
 
             // decrement priority of things outside keyhole
             if (distance - radius > view.getRadius()) {
                 if (!view.intersects(offset, distance, radius)) {
+                    constexpr float OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY = -10.0f;
                     priority += OUT_OF_VIEW_PENALTY;
                 }
             }
@@ -117,13 +159,12 @@ namespace PrioritySortUtil {
         float _angularWeight { DEFAULT_ANGULAR_COEF };
         float _centerWeight { DEFAULT_CENTER_COEF };
         float _ageWeight { DEFAULT_AGE_COEF };
-        quint64 _usecCurrentTime { 0 };
     };
 } // namespace PrioritySortUtil
 
-  // for now we're keeping hard-coded sorted time budgets in one spot
+// for now we're keeping hard-coded sorted time budgets in one spot
 const uint64_t MAX_UPDATE_RENDERABLES_TIME_BUDGET = 2000; // usec
 const uint64_t MIN_SORTED_UPDATE_RENDERABLES_TIME_BUDGET = 1000; // usec
-const uint64_t MAX_UPDATE_AVATARS_TIME_BUDGET = 2000; // usec
 
 #endif // hifi_PrioritySortUtil_h
+
diff --git a/scripts/defaultScripts.js b/scripts/defaultScripts.js
index aaf5ca7260..31510831c8 100644
--- a/scripts/defaultScripts.js
+++ b/scripts/defaultScripts.js
@@ -35,13 +35,10 @@ var DEFAULT_SCRIPTS_COMBINED = [
 ];
 var DEFAULT_SCRIPTS_SEPARATE = [
     "system/controllers/controllerScripts.js",
+    "system/interstitialPage.js"
     //"system/chat.js"
 ];
 
-if (Settings.getValue("enableInterstitialMode", false)) {
-    DEFAULT_SCRIPTS_SEPARATE.push("system/interstitialPage.js");
-}
-
 // add a menu item for debugging
 var MENU_CATEGORY = "Developer";
 var MENU_ITEM = "Debug defaultScripts.js";
diff --git a/scripts/system/edit.js b/scripts/system/edit.js
index 88ae2852be..ed2a179613 100644
--- a/scripts/system/edit.js
+++ b/scripts/system/edit.js
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ var toolBar = (function () {
             propertiesTool.setVisible(false);
             selectionManager.clearSelections();
             cameraManager.disable();
-            selectionDisplay.disableTriggerMapping();
+            selectionDisplay.triggerMapping.disable();
             tablet.landscape = false;
             Controller.disableMapping(CONTROLLER_MAPPING_NAME);
         } else {
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ var toolBar = (function () {
             gridTool.setVisible(true);
             grid.setEnabled(true);
             propertiesTool.setVisible(true);
-            selectionDisplay.enableTriggerMapping();
+            selectionDisplay.triggerMapping.enable();
             print("starting tablet in landscape mode");
             tablet.landscape = true;
             Controller.enableMapping(CONTROLLER_MAPPING_NAME);
diff --git a/scripts/system/libraries/entitySelectionTool.js b/scripts/system/libraries/entitySelectionTool.js
index 5bca58b1ac..05f5e41950 100644
--- a/scripts/system/libraries/entitySelectionTool.js
+++ b/scripts/system/libraries/entitySelectionTool.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 //
 
 /* global SelectionManager, SelectionDisplay, grid, rayPlaneIntersection, rayPlaneIntersection2, pushCommandForSelections,
-   getMainTabletIDs, getControllerWorldLocation, TRIGGER_ON_VALUE */
+   getMainTabletIDs, getControllerWorldLocation */
 
 var SPACE_LOCAL = "local";
 var SPACE_WORLD = "world";
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ var HIGHLIGHT_LIST_NAME = "editHandleHighlightList";
 
 Script.include([
     "./controllers.js",
-    "./controllerDispatcherUtils.js",
     "./utils.js"
 ]);
 
@@ -449,8 +448,6 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
     var CTRL_KEY_CODE = 16777249;
 
     var RAIL_AXIS_LENGTH = 10000;
-        
-    var NO_HAND = -1;
 
     var TRANSLATE_DIRECTION = {
         X: 0,
@@ -481,6 +478,8 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
         YAW: 1,
         ROLL: 2
     };
+    
+    var NO_TRIGGER_HAND = -1;
 
     var spaceMode = SPACE_LOCAL;
     var overlayNames = [];
@@ -803,21 +802,11 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
 
     // We get mouseMoveEvents from the handControllers, via handControllerPointer.
     // But we dont' get mousePressEvents.
-    that.triggerClickMapping = Controller.newMapping(Script.resolvePath('') + '-click');
-    that.triggerPressMapping = Controller.newMapping(Script.resolvePath('') + '-press');
-    that.triggeredHand = NO_HAND;
-    that.pressedHand = NO_HAND;
+    that.triggerMapping = Controller.newMapping(Script.resolvePath('') + '-click');
+    Script.scriptEnding.connect(that.triggerMapping.disable);
+    that.triggeredHand = NO_TRIGGER_HAND;
     that.triggered = function() {
-        return that.triggeredHand !== NO_HAND;
-    }
-    function pointingAtDesktopWindowOrTablet(hand) {
-        var pointingAtDesktopWindow = (hand === Controller.Standard.RightHand && 
-                                       SelectionManager.pointingAtDesktopWindowRight) ||
-                                      (hand === Controller.Standard.LeftHand && 
-                                       SelectionManager.pointingAtDesktopWindowLeft);
-        var pointingAtTablet = (hand === Controller.Standard.RightHand && SelectionManager.pointingAtTabletRight) ||
-                               (hand === Controller.Standard.LeftHand && SelectionManager.pointingAtTabletLeft);
-        return pointingAtDesktopWindow || pointingAtTablet;
+        return that.triggeredHand !== NO_TRIGGER_HAND;
     }
     function makeClickHandler(hand) {
         return function (clicked) {
@@ -825,39 +814,26 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
             if (that.triggered() && hand !== that.triggeredHand) {
                 return;
             }
-            if (!that.triggered() && clicked && !pointingAtDesktopWindowOrTablet(hand)) {
+            if (!that.triggered() && clicked) {
+                var pointingAtDesktopWindow = (hand === Controller.Standard.RightHand && 
+                                               SelectionManager.pointingAtDesktopWindowRight) ||
+                                              (hand === Controller.Standard.LeftHand && 
+                                               SelectionManager.pointingAtDesktopWindowLeft);
+                var pointingAtTablet = (hand === Controller.Standard.RightHand && SelectionManager.pointingAtTabletRight) ||
+                                       (hand === Controller.Standard.LeftHand && SelectionManager.pointingAtTabletLeft);
+                if (pointingAtDesktopWindow || pointingAtTablet) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 that.triggeredHand = hand;
                 that.mousePressEvent({});
             } else if (that.triggered() && !clicked) {
-                that.triggeredHand = NO_HAND;
+                that.triggeredHand = NO_TRIGGER_HAND;
                 that.mouseReleaseEvent({});
             }
         };
     }
-    function makePressHandler(hand) {
-        return function (value) {
-            if (value >= TRIGGER_ON_VALUE && !that.triggered() && !pointingAtDesktopWindowOrTablet(hand)) {
-                that.pressedHand = hand;
-                that.updateHighlight({});
-            } else {
-                that.pressedHand = NO_HAND;
-                that.resetPreviousHandleColor();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    that.triggerClickMapping.from(Controller.Standard.RTClick).peek().to(makeClickHandler(Controller.Standard.RightHand));
-    that.triggerClickMapping.from(Controller.Standard.LTClick).peek().to(makeClickHandler(Controller.Standard.LeftHand));
-    that.triggerPressMapping.from(Controller.Standard.RT).peek().to(makePressHandler(Controller.Standard.RightHand));
-    that.triggerPressMapping.from(Controller.Standard.LT).peek().to(makePressHandler(Controller.Standard.LeftHand));
-    that.enableTriggerMapping = function() {
-        that.triggerClickMapping.enable();
-        that.triggerPressMapping.enable();
-    };
-    that.disableTriggerMapping = function() {
-        that.triggerClickMapping.disable();
-        that.triggerPressMapping.disable();
-    }
-    Script.scriptEnding.connect(that.disableTriggerMapping);
+    that.triggerMapping.from(Controller.Standard.RTClick).peek().to(makeClickHandler(Controller.Standard.RightHand));
+    that.triggerMapping.from(Controller.Standard.LTClick).peek().to(makeClickHandler(Controller.Standard.LeftHand));
 
     // FUNCTION DEF(s): Intersection Check Helpers
     function testRayIntersect(queryRay, overlayIncludes, overlayExcludes) {
@@ -984,10 +960,35 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
         }
         return Uuid.NULL;
     };
-    
-    that.updateHighlight = function(event) {
+
+    // FUNCTION: MOUSE MOVE EVENT
+    var lastMouseEvent = null;
+    that.mouseMoveEvent = function(event) {
+        var wantDebug = false;
+        if (wantDebug) {
+            print("=============== eST::MouseMoveEvent BEG =======================");
+        }
+        lastMouseEvent = event;
+        if (activeTool) {
+            if (wantDebug) {
+                print("    Trigger ActiveTool(" + activeTool.mode + ")'s onMove");
+            }
+            activeTool.onMove(event);
+
+            if (wantDebug) {
+                print("    Trigger SelectionManager::update");
+            }
+            SelectionManager._update();
+
+            if (wantDebug) {
+                print("=============== eST::MouseMoveEvent END =======================");
+            }
+            // EARLY EXIT--(Move handled via active tool)
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // if no tool is active, then just look for handles to highlight...
-        var pickRay = generalComputePickRay(event.x, event.y);        
+        var pickRay = generalComputePickRay(event.x, event.y);
         var result = Overlays.findRayIntersection(pickRay);
         var pickedColor;
         var highlightNeeded = false;
@@ -1038,36 +1039,7 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
         } else {
             that.resetPreviousHandleColor();
         }
-    };
 
-    // FUNCTION: MOUSE MOVE EVENT
-    var lastMouseEvent = null;
-    that.mouseMoveEvent = function(event) {
-        var wantDebug = false;
-        if (wantDebug) {
-            print("=============== eST::MouseMoveEvent BEG =======================");
-        }
-        lastMouseEvent = event;
-        if (activeTool) {
-            if (wantDebug) {
-                print("    Trigger ActiveTool(" + activeTool.mode + ")'s onMove");
-            }
-            activeTool.onMove(event);
-
-            if (wantDebug) {
-                print("    Trigger SelectionManager::update");
-            }
-            SelectionManager._update();
-
-            if (wantDebug) {
-                print("=============== eST::MouseMoveEvent END =======================");
-            }
-            // EARLY EXIT--(Move handled via active tool)
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        that.updateHighlight(event);
-        
         if (wantDebug) {
             print("=============== eST::MouseMoveEvent END =======================");
         }
@@ -1163,10 +1135,9 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
         }
     };
 
-    function controllerComputePickRay(hand) {
-        var hand = that.triggered() ? that.triggeredHand : that.pressedHand;
-        var controllerPose = getControllerWorldLocation(hand, true);
-        if (controllerPose.valid) {
+    function controllerComputePickRay() {
+        var controllerPose = getControllerWorldLocation(that.triggeredHand, true);
+        if (controllerPose.valid && that.triggered()) {
             var controllerPosition = controllerPose.translation;
             // This gets point direction right, but if you want general quaternion it would be more complicated:
             var controllerDirection = Quat.getUp(controllerPose.rotation);
@@ -1177,12 +1148,6 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
     function generalComputePickRay(x, y) {
         return controllerComputePickRay() || Camera.computePickRay(x, y);
     }
-    
-    function getControllerAvatarFramePositionFromPickRay(pickRay) {
-        var controllerPosition = Vec3.subtract(pickRay.origin, MyAvatar.position);
-        controllerPosition = Vec3.multiplyQbyV(Quat.inverse(MyAvatar.orientation), controllerPosition);
-        return controllerPosition;
-    }
 
     function getDistanceToCamera(position) {
         var cameraPosition = Camera.getPosition();
@@ -2118,7 +2083,6 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
         var rotation = null;
         var previousPickRay = null;
         var beginMouseEvent = null;
-        var beginControllerPosition = null;
 
         var onBegin = function(event, pickRay, pickResult) {     
             var proportional = directionEnum === STRETCH_DIRECTION.ALL;     
@@ -2254,9 +2218,6 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
             
             previousPickRay = pickRay;
             beginMouseEvent = event;
-            if (that.triggered()) {
-                beginControllerPosition = getControllerAvatarFramePositionFromPickRay(pickRay);
-            }
         };
 
         var onEnd = function(event, reason) {    
@@ -2295,15 +2256,13 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
             if (usePreviousPickRay(pickRay.direction, previousPickRay.direction, planeNormal)) {
                 pickRay = previousPickRay;
             }
-            
-            var controllerPose = getControllerWorldLocation(that.triggeredHand, true);
-            var controllerTrigger = HMD.isHMDAvailable() && HMD.isHandControllerAvailable() && 
-                                    controllerPose.valid && that.triggered();
 
             // Are we using handControllers or Mouse - only relevant for 3D tools
+            var controllerPose = getControllerWorldLocation(that.triggeredHand, true);
             var vector = null;
             var newPick = null;
-            if (controllerTrigger && directionFor3DStretch) {
+            if (HMD.isHMDAvailable() && HMD.isHandControllerAvailable() && 
+                    controllerPose.valid && that.triggered() && directionFor3DStretch) {
                 localDeltaPivot = deltaPivot3D;
                 newPick = pickRay.origin;
                 vector = Vec3.subtract(newPick, lastPick3D);
@@ -2327,23 +2286,12 @@ SelectionDisplay = (function() {
             var newDimensions;
             if (proportional) {
                 var viewportDimensions = Controller.getViewportDimensions();
+                var mouseXDifference = (event.x - beginMouseEvent.x) / viewportDimensions.x;
+                var mouseYDifference = (beginMouseEvent.y - event.y) / viewportDimensions.y;
+                var mouseDifference = mouseXDifference + mouseYDifference;
                 var toCameraDistance = getDistanceToCamera(position);   
                 var dimensionsMultiple = toCameraDistance * STRETCH_DIRECTION_ALL_CAMERA_DISTANCE_MULTIPLE; 
-                
-                var dimensionChange;
-                if (controllerTrigger) {
-                    var controllerPosition = getControllerAvatarFramePositionFromPickRay(pickRay);
-                    var vecControllerDifference = Vec3.subtract(controllerPosition, beginControllerPosition);
-                    var controllerDifference = vecControllerDifference.x + vecControllerDifference.y + 
-                                               vecControllerDifference.z;
-                    dimensionChange = controllerDifference * dimensionsMultiple;
-                } else {
-                    var mouseXDifference = (event.x - beginMouseEvent.x) / viewportDimensions.x;
-                    var mouseYDifference = (beginMouseEvent.y - event.y) / viewportDimensions.y;
-                    var mouseDifference = mouseXDifference + mouseYDifference;
-                    dimensionChange = mouseDifference * dimensionsMultiple;
-                }
- 
+                var dimensionChange = mouseDifference * dimensionsMultiple;
                 var averageInitialDimension = (initialDimensions.x + initialDimensions.y + initialDimensions.z) / 3;
                 percentChange = dimensionChange / averageInitialDimension;
                 percentChange += 1.0;